考虑心理压力的地铁站台乘客疏散模型

陈绍宽; 狄月; 李芳; 许奇; 刘海东

考虑心理压力的地铁站台乘客疏散模型

陈绍宽^1,,
狄月^{1, 2},
李芳³,
许奇¹,
刘海东¹

1.
北京交通大学城市交通复杂系统理论与技术教育部重点实验室, 北京 100044
2.
中国邮政集团公司, 北京 100808
3.
北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司, 北京 100037

基金项目:

北京市自然科学基金项目 9152013

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 2016JBZ001

国家自然科学基金项目 71571015

详细信息

作者简介:
陈绍宽(1977-), 男, 陕西商州人, 北京交通大学教授, 工学博士, 从事城市轨道交通研究

中图分类号: U231.92
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-05-01
- 刊出日期: 2017-10-25

Passenger evacuation model of metro platform considering psychological stress

1.
MOE Key Laboratory for Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
2.
China Post Group, Beijing 100808, China
3.
Beijing Urban Construction Design and Development Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100037, China

More Information

Author Bio:
CHEN Shao-kuan(1977-), male, professor, PhD, shkchen@bjtu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 分析了紧急情况造成的心理压力对地铁站台乘客疏散行为产生的影响, 建立了心理压力与滞留时间、局部密度、危险源距离的数量关系; 研究了心理压力下的疏散期望速度, 建立了修正期望速度模型, 并修正了社会力模型; 针对站台乘客疏散过程, 设计了多智能体感知和决策流程, 建立了基于多智能体技术的疏散仿真模型, 对乘客从接收疏散信号到疏散完成的全过程进行抽象化处理; 运用AnyLogic仿真软件搭建仿真场景, 并将建立的多个模型以接口方式导入仿真软件, 基于北京地铁2号线西直门站台, 研究了乘客的疏散行为。仿真结果表明: 心理压力对疏散时间、疏散速度、乘客密度与绕行距离产生了较大影响, 有心理压力时乘客疏散效率较无心理压力时增大了24.03%, 整体平均疏散时间减少了27.68%, 楼梯区域平均疏散时间减少了36.20%, 衔接区域平均疏散时间减少了22.05%;有心理压力的乘客在楼梯区域的平均疏散速度约为0.226m·s^-1, 无心理压力时约为0.351m·s^-1; 在衔接区域, 有心理压力的乘客最高聚集密度达8.0人·m^-2, 无心理压力时达到9.5人·m^-2, 楼梯区域乘客聚集密度最大值均约为3.5人·m^-2; 有心理压力的乘客平均绕行距离较无心理压力时增加了96.91%, 乘客运动更加混乱。
- 城市轨道交通 /
- 地铁站台 /
- 紧急情况 /
- 乘客疏散 /
- 社会力模型 /
- 心理压力 /
- 多智能体
Abstract: The effects of psychological stress from emergencies on metro platform on the evacuation behaviors of passengers were analyzed. The numerical relationship between psychological stress and retention time, local density, distance of hazard was built.The expected velocity of evacuation under psychological stress was researched, a modified expectation velocity model was developed, and the social force model was modified.Aiming at the evacuation process of passengers on the platform, a multi-agent perception and decision-making flow was designed.An evacuation simulation model based on multi-agent technology was built, and the whole process from the reception of evacuation signals to the evacuation completion for passengers was abstractly dealt with.AnyLogic simulation software was used to build the simulation case, the built models were imported into the simulation software by interface means, and the evacuationbehaviors of passengers were studied based on the Xizhimen Platform in Beijing Metro Line 2.Simulation result shows that the psychological stress has large effect on the evacuation time, evacuation velocity, passenger density and detour distance.The passengers'evacuation efficiency with psychological stress increases by 24.03%than that without psychological stress, the average total evacuation time reduces by 27.68%, and the average evacuation times in stair region and connecting region reduce by 36.20% and 22.05%, respectively.The passengers'average evacuation velocity with psychological stress in stair region is about 0.226 m·s^-1, and the velocity without psychological stress is 0.351 m ·s^-1.The highest gathering density in connecting region with psychological stress is 8.0 passenger· m^-2, while the density is9.5 passenger·m^-2 without psychological stress.The highest gathering density in stair region is3.5 passenger·m^-2.The detour distance with psychological stress increases by 96.91% than that without psychological stress, and the movement of passengers with psychological stress is more chaotic.
- urban rail transit /
- metro platform /
- emergency /
- passenger evacuation /
- social force model /
- psychological stress /
- multi-agent

HTML全文

图 1 智能体的感知模型

Figure 1. Perception model of agents

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图 2 视野感知域

Figure 2. Visual perception area

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图 3 心理压力计算流程

Figure 3. Calculation flow of psychological stress

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图 4 决策模型

Figure 4. Decision-making model

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图 5 站台布局

Figure 5. Layout of platform

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图 6 累计疏散人数

Figure 6. Numbers of cumulative evacuees

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图 7 各区域平均疏散时间

Figure 7. Average evacuation times in different areas

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图 8 衔接区域疏散速度

Figure 8. Evacuation velocities in connecting region

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图 9 楼梯区域疏散速度

Figure 9. Evacuation velocities in stair region

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图 10 衔接区域密度

Figure 10. Densities in connecting region

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图 11 楼梯区域密度

Figure 11. Densities in stair region

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图 12 场景1绕行距离分布

Figure 12. Distribution of detour distance in scene 1

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图 13 场景2绕行距离分布

Figure 13. Distribution of detour distance in scene 2

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表 1 行人心理压力和自由走行速度的关系

Table 1. Relationship between psychological stress and free movement velocity of pedestrian

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