Optimization of tram operation network based on considering traffic demand characteristics
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摘要: 为了提高有轨电车线网规划的科学性与运营效率, 研究了有轨电车运营网络的特征与指标, 建立了基于客流需求特征的运营网络搜索方法; 考虑有轨电车网运分离特点, 应用客流需求-运营效益建立了节点-边集网络; 以断面客流量为依据, 采用切比雪夫法则确定初始选择阈值, 通过计算重要度、“节点-流量”矩阵, 建立了时间效益-票价-运营成本的最优运营效益模型, 对有轨电车运营线网进行筛选, 结合遗传算法对运营网络总规模进行控制; 基于西咸新区有轨电车线网规划方案, 筛选出14条有轨电车运营线路, 通过MATLAB软件进行运营网络最优化模拟。分析结果表明: 有轨电车最优运营线路长度为24~25km, 运营网络总规模为339.5km, 得出的运营网络与最优效益、断面客流分布、线网布局、客流需求特征、重要客流集散点等网络要素有较好的匹配, 且大部分运营线路长度小于30km, 满足一般有轨电车运营网络要求; 该优化方法考虑了有轨电车规划与运营过程中诸多实际因素, 通过对搜索过程的整合与量化, 得出的优化结果与需求特征较为符合。Abstract: In order to improve the scientificity and operation efficiency of tram network planning, the characteristics and indicators of tram operation network were studied, and the operation network searching method based on the characteristics of passenger flow demand was established.The separation characteristics of tram network and operation was considered, and the passenger flow demand-operation benefit was used to establish the node-edge network.Based on the section passenger flow volume, the initial selection threshhold was determined by Chebyshev law.The optimal operating beneficial model of time benefit-ticket price-operation cost was established bycomputing importance degrees and node-passerger volume matrix.The tram operation network was selected, and the overall scale of operation network was controlled by the genetic algorithm.Based on the tram network planning project in Xixian New Area, 14 operation lines were selected, the optimization of tram operation newtork was simulated by MATLAB softwore.Analysis result shows that the optimization operation line length of the tram is between 24-25 km, and the total scale of operation network is 339.5 km.The final operational network is well matched with the optimization benefit, the distribution of section passenger flow, the layout of tram network, the characteristics of passenger demand and the important distribution points of passenger flow, and most of the lines' lengths are less than 30 km, which meets the general tram operation network requirements.The optimization method takes into account many practical factors in the planning and operation of tram.Through the integration and quantification of searching process, the optimization result and the demand characteristics are more consistent.
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Key words:
- rail transit /
- tramcar /
- operation network /
- path searching /
- operation efficiency /
- scale constraint
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图 4 有轨电车运能与实际公交客流差异
Figure 4. Difference between tram capacity and actual bus passenger flow
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