Influence of spray performance on combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel
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摘要: 在手压泵试验台上进行了生物柴油与柴油的喷雾对比试验, 在一台单缸直喷柴油机上进行了生物柴油与柴油燃烧和排放性能对比试验。分析了燃料喷雾特性的液滴粒径尺寸分布和特征参数, 研究了燃用生物柴油与柴油燃烧和排放规律的差异及其本质原因。研究结果表明: 与柴油相比, 生物柴油喷雾锥角小, 粒子总数少, 小直径粒子比例低, 最大粒子直径大; 在转速为1500r·min-1与平均有效压力为0.531MPa时, 生物柴油最大燃烧压力、最大压力升高率以及最大燃烧放热率分别降低了1.91%、30.10%和29.32%, 生物柴油燃烧持续期长于柴油; 在转速为1500r·min-1时, 燃用生物柴油HC、CO和烟度排放平均分别降低17.17%、26.73%和37.85%, NOX排放平均增加21.93%。Abstract: Spraying comparison experiments were conducted on a press pump test-bed, and combustion and emission performance comparison experiments between biodiesel and diesel were done on a single cylinder direct-injected diesel engine. The diameter size distribution of liquid drop and the characteristic parameters of fuels were analyzed, the combustion and emission difference between diesel and biodiesel and the reasons were studied. Study result indicates that, compared with diesel, the spray angle of biodiesel is smaller, the total amount of drop is less, the proportion of small diameter drop is lower, and the maximal diameter is larger. When rotation speed is 1 500 r·min-1 and average effective pressure is 0.531 MPa, the maximal combustion pressure, and the pressure increase ratio and heat release ratio of biodiesel decrease by 1.91%, 30.10% and 29.32% respectively, continual combustion period of biodiesel is longer. When rotation speed is 1 500 r·min-1, the emissions of HC, CO and smoke for burning biodiesel decease by 17.17%, 26.73% and 37.85% respectively, and the emission of NOX increases by 21.93%.
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图 5 燃烧压力和压力升高率对比
Figure 5. Comparison of combustion pressures and pressure increase ratios
表 1 燃料主要特性
Table 1. Major characteristics of fuels
燃料 密度/(g·cm-3) 质量热值/(kJ·g-1) 40 ℃运动粘度/(mm2·s-1) 闪点/℃ 凝点/℃ 酸值(KOH)/(mg·g-1) B0 0.836 44.95 2.84 64 -6 0.032 B100 0.874 40.67 5.06 160 -1 1.760 
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表 2 燃料喷雾特性参数
Table 2. Spray performance parameters of fuels
燃料 喷雾粒子总数 最大粒径/μm 粒径大于56 μm的粒子比例/% B0 7 479 1 351 37 B100 4 908 1 659 54
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