Evaluation of driver safety characteristic in desert environment based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model
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摘要: 为了揭示沙漠公路道路交通环境下驾驶员驾驶特性与交通事故之间的作用机理, 选择了影响驾驶员安全特性的主要因素, 并利用驾驶适宜性实地检测数据进行相关性分析, 建立了影响因素与驾驶特性指标之间的模糊综合评判模型, 对沙漠公路驾驶员安全可靠性进行了动态分析和评价。研究表明: 由于受特殊的道路交通条件、沿线自然环境以及驾驶员生理和心理特性的影响, 沙漠公路中驾驶员表现出较强的事故倾向性; 诸影响因素中, 气温对驾驶安全性的影响最为显著, 然后依次为持续驾车时间、驾龄和年龄。Abstract: In order to reveal the relationship between driving characteristics and traffic accidents on desert highway, the key factors of influencing driver safety characteristics were selected, the correlation analysis was made based on driver aptitude test data on desert highway, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of driving behavior was set up, and the dynamic analysis of driving safety characteristics was made. Study result shows that, due to the influences of unique traffic conditions, nature environmental factors, physical and psychological characteristics, drivers have strong orientation of accident on desert highway; among the factors of influencing driving safety, the main factor is air temperature, while others are continuous driving time, driving experience and driver's age in sequence.
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Key words:
- traffic safety /
- desert highway /
- traffic accident /
- driving characteristic /
- safety reliability
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图 3 不同分类水平中驾驶员事故次数分布
Figure 3. Distributions of accident numbers in different classifications
图 4 气温影响下的无事故驾驶员分布
Figure 4. Distributions of non-accident drivers with air temperature change
图 5 驾驶时间影响下的无事故驾驶员分布
Figure 5. Distributions of non-accident drivers with driving time change
表 1 驾驶特性评价指标
Table 1. Evaluating indexes of driving characteristics
驾驶特性 指标 生理特性 静体视力 动体视力 暗适应时间 空间知觉 心理特性 速度估计时间(或偏差) 选择反应时间 选择反应出错次数 处置判断误判率 
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表 2 驾驶安全性影响因素
Table 2. Effecting factors of driving safety characteristics
主要影响因素 所选取的影响因子 驾驶员个性 年龄 驾龄 性别 心率 血压 驾车时间 交通环境 沿线景观 道路线形 交通服务设施 交通安全设施 交通流量 平均车速 车型结构 自然环境 天气(晴、阴、雨、扬沙、沙尘暴) 气温
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表 3 各因素间相关性
Table 3. Correlation of different factors
% 因素 静体视力 动体视力 速度估计 速度估计偏差 选择反应时间 反应误判次数 处置判断 自然环境 天气 90.2 85.8 78.7 99.7 98.7 83.5 88.2 气温 97.0 96.4 89.0 99.8 99.4 99.2 88.7 气温/天气(偏相关) 42.1 16.5 29.8 14.5 19.2 55.0 40.1 交通环境 道路线形 58.4 53.7 56.9 46.1 61.3 47.3 24.5 交通流量 62.0 76.2 59.0 52.8 51.2 59.9 59.4 平均车速 32.5 43.5 55.0 49.8 35.0 65.0 31.0 车辆车型 98.2 88.3 93.5 97.4 99.5 99.8 89.9 驾驶员个性 年龄 100.0 100.0 71.0 78.0 100.0 89.7 94.8 驾龄 100.0 99.9 71.9 88.6 99.4 51.3 93.1 年龄/驾龄(偏相关) 84.5 74.4 62.0 62.8 84.0 70.5 67.5 性别 65.4 59.1 69.2 73.2 86.4 62.9 84.7 心率 76.7 54.3 77.8 79.9 52.0 78.8 71.7 血压 33.0 80.9 89.9 47.0 68.7 62.9 60.0 驾车时间 56.7 51.2 93.7 75.9 100.0 99.5 88.6
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表 4 驾驶特性划分标准
Table 4. Classifying standard of drivering characteristics
标准类型 优良 一般 差 很差 综合评判Y值范围 0~1.8 1.9~2.4 2.5~3.1 3.2~∞
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