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摘要: 基于三维定常不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程、k-ε两方程湍流模型, 采用有限体积法对速度为200 km·h-1的CRH-2动车组在强风环境下运行的空气动力学行为进行了数值模拟, 分析了偏航角对列车整车及其各部分的流场结构和气动力的影响, 研究了气动力的组成。研究发现: 列车的流场结构非常复杂, 侧风情况下列车的背风面区域和尾部区域都会产生漩涡, 漩涡的产生与从列车表面的脱离的位置随偏航角的变化而变化; 整车、头车、中间车和尾车的气动力大小以及组成均不相同; 压力场与侧力、升力沿列车纵向的变化情况基本相同, 且都比较复杂。分析结果表明: 压力主要对侧力和升力影响较大, 由于采用了流线型设计, 阻力主要来自空气的粘性力, 即摩擦力; 侧风情况下头车的侧力和倾覆力矩要明显大于其他部分, 此时头车的安全性降低。Abstract: Based on the 3D steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and the turbulent model of k-ε two equations, the aerodynamics properties of electric multiple units(EMU) CRH-2, running at 200 km·h-1 in strong wind, were numerically simulated by finite volume method(FVM). The constitutions of aerodynamic force and the influence of yaw angle on flow structure were analyzed, and the composings of aerodynamic force were studied. It is found that flow structure is very complex. Vortices emerge at both the leeward and tail of train on the condition of side wind. The vortices, which are formed and detached in the surface of train, change according to the variation of yaw angle. The constitutions and magnitudes of aerodynamic forces are different for whole train, first car, second car and third car. The variations of pressure field, side force and lift force along the fore-and-aft of train are uniform and complex. Analysis result indicates that the pressure has big influence on side force and lift force. The drag force is primary made of viscous forces for the streamlined design of train. On the condition of side wind, the security of first car decreases because the side force and overturn moment of first car are larger. 5 tabs, 12 figs, 16 refs.
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Key words:
- vehicle engineering /
- EMU CRH-2 /
- aerodynamics /
- numerical simulation /
- strong wind /
- flow structure
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表 2 侧力
Table 2. Side forces
kN 工况 整车 头车 中间车 尾车 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 1 67.27 65.83 1.44 53.65 53.04 0.60 20.25 19.78 0.46 －6.62 －7.00 0.38 2 64.52 63.09 1.43 53.93 53.33 0.61 19.38 18.93 0.46 －8.80 －9.16 0.36 3 47.93 46.78 1.15 42.79 42.30 0.50 12.58 12.22 0.36 －7.44 －7.74 0.30 4 21.13 20.48 0.65 22.82 22.53 0.29 4.61 4.41 0.20 －6.30 －6.45 0.15 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
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表 3 阻力
Table 3. Drag forces
kN 工况 整车 头车 中间车 尾车 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 1 2.79 －1.34 4.13 －5.09 －6.53 1.44 1.41 0.00 1.41 6.48 5.19 1.29 2 5.20 0.06 5.15 －3.38 －5.17 1.79 1.75 0.00 1.75 6.83 5.22 1.60 3 7.29 1.37 5.92 －0.30 －2.38 2.07 1.99 0.00 1.99 5.60 3.75 1.86 4 8.70 2.48 6.22 2.47 0.25 2.21 2.06 0.00 20.60 4.17 2.22 1.95 5 9.01 3.64 5.37 3.48 1.36 2.13 1.71 0.00 1.71 3.82 2.29 1.53
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表 4 升力
Table 4. Lift forces
kN 工况 整车 头车 中间车 尾车 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 1 155.53 155.29 0.24 54.94 54.85 0.09 50.50 50.43 0.07 50.09 50.01 0.08 2 128.65 128.42 0.23 43.90 43.81 0.09 42.96 42.87 0.09 41.79 41.74 0.05 3 64.65 64.45 0.20 17.61 17.54 0.07 29.37 29.26 0.10 17.67 17.64 0.03 4 15.48 15.34 0.14 －3.66 －3.71 0.05 11.13 11.07 0.06 8.02 7.98 0.04 5 －2.50 －2.54 0.05 －6.56 －6.60 0.05 －0.10 －0.11 0.01 4.16 4.17 －0.01
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表 5 倾覆力矩
Table 5. Overturn moments
kN·m 工况 整车 头车 中间车 尾车 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 1 －211.83 －207.92 －3.91 －118.83 －117.34 －1.49 －67.44 －66.11 －1.33 －25.56 －24.47 －1.09 2 －188.34 －184.56 －3.78 －111.23 －109.78 －1.45 －61.44 －60.16 －1.28 －15.68 －14.63 －1.05 3 －118.84 －115.92 －2.92 －75.86 －74.72 －1.13 －42.42 －41.43 －1.00 －0.56 0.23 －0.79 4 －43.84 －42.25 －1.60 －31.40 －30.77 －0.63 －16.25 －15.70 －0.60 3.81 4.22 －0.41 5 1.82 1.86 －0.03 4.67 4.70 －0.04 0.11 0.12 －0.01 －2.96 －2.97 0.01
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