-
摘要: 基于三维定常不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程、k-ε两方程湍流模型, 采用有限体积法对速度为200 km·h-1的CRH-2动车组在强风环境下运行的空气动力学行为进行了数值模拟, 分析了偏航角对列车整车及其各部分的流场结构和气动力的影响, 研究了气动力的组成。研究发现: 列车的流场结构非常复杂, 侧风情况下列车的背风面区域和尾部区域都会产生漩涡, 漩涡的产生与从列车表面的脱离的位置随偏航角的变化而变化; 整车、头车、中间车和尾车的气动力大小以及组成均不相同; 压力场与侧力、升力沿列车纵向的变化情况基本相同, 且都比较复杂。分析结果表明: 压力主要对侧力和升力影响较大, 由于采用了流线型设计, 阻力主要来自空气的粘性力, 即摩擦力; 侧风情况下头车的侧力和倾覆力矩要明显大于其他部分, 此时头车的安全性降低。Abstract: Based on the 3D steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and the turbulent model of k-ε two equations, the aerodynamics properties of electric multiple units(EMU) CRH-2, running at 200 km·h-1 in strong wind, were numerically simulated by finite volume method(FVM). The constitutions of aerodynamic force and the influence of yaw angle on flow structure were analyzed, and the composings of aerodynamic force were studied. It is found that flow structure is very complex. Vortices emerge at both the leeward and tail of train on the condition of side wind. The vortices, which are formed and detached in the surface of train, change according to the variation of yaw angle. The constitutions and magnitudes of aerodynamic forces are different for whole train, first car, second car and third car. The variations of pressure field, side force and lift force along the fore-and-aft of train are uniform and complex. Analysis result indicates that the pressure has big influence on side force and lift force. The drag force is primary made of viscous forces for the streamlined design of train. On the condition of side wind, the security of first car decreases because the side force and overturn moment of first car are larger. 5 tabs, 12 figs, 16 refs.
-
Key words:
- vehicle engineering /
- EMU CRH-2 /
- aerodynamics /
- numerical simulation /
- strong wind /
- flow structure
-
表 2 侧力
Table 2. Side forces
kN 工况 整车 头车 中间车 尾车 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 1 67.27 65.83 1.44 53.65 53.04 0.60 20.25 19.78 0.46 －6.62 －7.00 0.38 2 64.52 63.09 1.43 53.93 53.33 0.61 19.38 18.93 0.46 －8.80 －9.16 0.36 3 47.93 46.78 1.15 42.79 42.30 0.50 12.58 12.22 0.36 －7.44 －7.74 0.30 4 21.13 20.48 0.65 22.82 22.53 0.29 4.61 4.41 0.20 －6.30 －6.45 0.15 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 阻力
Table 3. Drag forces
kN 工况 整车 头车 中间车 尾车 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 1 2.79 －1.34 4.13 －5.09 －6.53 1.44 1.41 0.00 1.41 6.48 5.19 1.29 2 5.20 0.06 5.15 －3.38 －5.17 1.79 1.75 0.00 1.75 6.83 5.22 1.60 3 7.29 1.37 5.92 －0.30 －2.38 2.07 1.99 0.00 1.99 5.60 3.75 1.86 4 8.70 2.48 6.22 2.47 0.25 2.21 2.06 0.00 20.60 4.17 2.22 1.95 5 9.01 3.64 5.37 3.48 1.36 2.13 1.71 0.00 1.71 3.82 2.29 1.53
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 升力
Table 4. Lift forces
kN 工况 整车 头车 中间车 尾车 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 1 155.53 155.29 0.24 54.94 54.85 0.09 50.50 50.43 0.07 50.09 50.01 0.08 2 128.65 128.42 0.23 43.90 43.81 0.09 42.96 42.87 0.09 41.79 41.74 0.05 3 64.65 64.45 0.20 17.61 17.54 0.07 29.37 29.26 0.10 17.67 17.64 0.03 4 15.48 15.34 0.14 －3.66 －3.71 0.05 11.13 11.07 0.06 8.02 7.98 0.04 5 －2.50 －2.54 0.05 －6.56 －6.60 0.05 －0.10 －0.11 0.01 4.16 4.17 －0.01
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 倾覆力矩
Table 5. Overturn moments
kN·m 工况 整车 头车 中间车 尾车 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 总力 压力 粘性力 1 －211.83 －207.92 －3.91 －118.83 －117.34 －1.49 －67.44 －66.11 －1.33 －25.56 －24.47 －1.09 2 －188.34 －184.56 －3.78 －111.23 －109.78 －1.45 －61.44 －60.16 －1.28 －15.68 －14.63 －1.05 3 －118.84 －115.92 －2.92 －75.86 －74.72 －1.13 －42.42 －41.43 －1.00 －0.56 0.23 －0.79 4 －43.84 －42.25 －1.60 －31.40 －30.77 －0.63 －16.25 －15.70 －0.60 3.81 4.22 －0.41 5 1.82 1.86 －0.03 4.67 4.70 －0.04 0.11 0.12 －0.01 －2.96 －2.97 0.01
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 田红旗. 中国列车空气动力学研究进展[ J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2006, 6(1): 1-9. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2006.01.001TIAN Hong-qi. Study evolvement of train aerodynamics in China[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2006, 6(1): 1-9. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2006.01.001 [2] ANDERSSON E, H GGSTR M J, SIMA M, et al. Assessment of train-overturning risk due to strong cross-wind[ J]. Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2004, 218(3): 213-223. doi: 10.1243/0954409042389382 [3] DIEDRICHS B, SIMA M, ORELLANO A, et al. Crosswind stability of a high-speed train on a high embankment[ J]. Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2007, 221(2): 205-225. doi: 10.1243/0954409JRRT126 [4] 何华, 田红旗, 熊小慧, 等. 横风作用下敞车的气动性能研究[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2006, 27(3): 73-78. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTK200603012.htmHE Hua, TIAN Hong-qi, XIONG Xiao-hui, et al. Study on the aerodynamics performance of gondola car under cross wind[ J]. China Railway Science, 2006, 27(3): 73-78. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTK200603012.htm [5] 周丹, 田红旗, 鲁寨军. 大风对路堤上运行的客运列车气动性能的影响[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2007, 7(4): 6-9. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2007.04.002ZHOU Dan, TIAN Hong-qi, LU Zhai-jun. Influence of strong crosswind on aerodynamic performance of passenger train running on embankment[ J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2007, 7(4): 6-9. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2007.04.002 [6] BETTLE J, HOLLOWAY A G L, VENART J E S. A computational study of the aerodynamic forces acting on a tractortrailer vehicle on a bridge in cross-wind[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2003, 91(5): 573-592. doi: 10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00461-0 [7] SUZUKI M, TANEMOTO K, MAEDA T. Aerodynamic characteristics of train/vehicles under cross winds[ J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2003, 91(1/2): 209-218. [8] 田红旗, 苗秀娟, 高广军. 强横风环境下棚车侧壁外形气动性能[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2006, 6(3): 5-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JYGC200603001.htmTIAN Hong-qi, MIAO Xiu-juan, GAO Guang-jun. Aerody-namic performance of sidewall shape of boxcar under strong crosswind[ J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2006, 6(3): 5-8. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JYGC200603001.htm [9] DIEDRICHS B. On computational fluid dynamics modeling of crosswind effects for high-speed rolling stock[ J]. Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2003, 217(3): 203-226. doi: 10.1243/095440903769012902 [10] KHIER W, BREUER M, DURST F. Flow structure around trains under side wind conditions: numerical study[ J]. Computers and Fluids, 2000, 29(2): 179-195. doi: 10.1016/S0045-7930(99)00008-0 [11] CARRARINI A. Reliability based analysis of the crosswind stability of railway vehicles[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2007, 95(7): 493-509. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2006.10.001 [12] 田红旗, 卢执中. 电动旅客列车组控制车风洞试验研究[ J]. 铁道车辆, 1999, 37(7): 15-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDCL907.004.htmTIAN Hong-qi, LU Zhi-zhong. Air tunnel test and research on the control car in electrical passenger train unit[ J]. Rolling Stock, 1999, 37(7): 15-18. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDCL907.004.htm [13] 梁习锋, 田红旗. 动车组交会空气压力波试验[J]. 中南工业大学学报, 2002, 33(6): 621-624. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD200206018.htmLIANG Xi-feng, TIAN Hong-qi. Test research on crossing air pressure pulse of electric multiple unit[ J]. Social Science Journal for Central South University of Technology, 2002, 33(6): 621-624. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD200206018.htm [14] 万晓艳, 吴剑. 时速200 km动车组通过隧道时空气动力学效应现场试验与研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2006, 43(1): 43-48. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDSD200601007.htmWAN Xiao-yan, WU Jian. In-situ test and study on the aerodynamic effect of the rolling stock passing through tunnels with a speed of 200 km[ J]. Modern Tunneling Technology, 2006, 43(1): 43-48. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDSD200601007.htm [15] 祝志文, 陈伟芳, 陈政清. 横风中双层客车车辆的风荷载研究[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2001, 23(5): 117-121. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GFKJ200105025.htmZHU Zhi-wen, CHEN Wei-fang, CHEN Zheng-qing. A survey on wind loads for double-deck vehicle in cross wind[ J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2001, 23(5): 117-121. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GFKJ200105025.htm [16] 张健. 路堤上铁道车辆的横风气动特性试验研究[ J]. 国外铁道车辆, 2007, 44(1): 29-28. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWTD200701005.htmZHANG Jian. Experimental investigations into the crosswind aerodynamics of railway vehicles on the embankment[ J]. Foreign Rolling Stock, 2007, 44(1): 29-28. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWTD200701005.htm -
点击查看大图
图(12) / 表(5)
计量
- 文章访问数: 322
- HTML全文浏览量: 65
- PDF下载量: 327
- 被引次数: 0
