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摘要: 为了研究道路条件对驾驶紧张程度的影响, 选择了33名驾驶员, 选用驾驶员心率、眼球移动角速度和注视点分布范围3项测试指标, 进行了多车型多工况实车试验。采用心电测试仪和眼动仪采集了3项测试指标试验数据, 并进行回归分析, 建立了不同车型的驾驶员测试指标隶属于不紧张区域、较紧张区域和很紧张区域的隶属度函数。在车速为80km.h-1, 侧向余宽为1.2m的行车工况下, 计算了各车型测试指标的隶属度。试验结果表明: 大型车驾驶员3项测试指标的隶属度均属于较紧张区域, 中型车驾驶员3项测试指标的隶属度均属于不紧张区域, 与实车试验的驾驶员感受评价相符合。Abstract: In order to study the effect of road condition on diver's tensity, the test indexes including heart rate, moving speed of eyeball and gazing area were chosen. Through multi-condition and multi-type-vehicle tests with 33 drivers, the data of the indexes from electrocardiograph and eye tracker were collected and analyzed, the membership functions were established to evaluate the degrees that the indexes belonged to no tension area, some extent tension area and great tension area. On the condition that vehicle speed was 80 km·h -1 and lateral clearance was 1.2 m, the membership degrees of heavy-vehicle drivers were calculated. Experiment result shows that the membership degrees of large-vehicle drivers belong to some extent tension area, the membership degrees of medium-vehicle drivers belong to great tension area, which is consistent to the drivers' safety perception of practical road-vehicle test.
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Key words:
- road traffic safety /
- driver /
- driving tensity /
- evaluating function /
- psychology factor /
- physiology factor
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表 1 试验设备及试验工况
Table 1. Experimental equipments and conditions
试验仪器 试验车型 试验工况 Century Holter Series 2000/3000心电测试仪 全顺中型面包车JX6541D-H 车速分别为40、60、80、100 km·h-1 金杯中型面包车SY6480AC-ME(H) 侧向余宽分别为0.8、0.9、1.0、1.2、1.4 m T·K·K940型眼睛运动分析系统 扬州亚星大型客车JS6820C32D1 
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表 2 试验回归模型
Table 2. Regress models of tests
测试指标 大型车试验回归模型 中型车试验回归模型 心率 R1=0.838 6+0.010 5v-0.608 8w R2=0.507 0+0.006 2v-0.505 0w 眼球移动角速度 V1=0.244 1+0.004 8v-0.279 7w V2=0.191 9+0.004 8v-0.301 7w 注视点分布范围 W1=0.362 1+0.005 8v-0.404 8w W2=0.538 5+0.005 6v-0.589 0w
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表 3 大型车驾驶员感受评价数据处理结果
Table 3. Processing result of large-vehicle drivers' perception evaluating data
类别 心率测试指标 眼球移动角速度测试指标 注视点分布范围测试指标 心理感受 均值 方差 标准差 均值 方差 标准差 均值 方差 标准差 不紧张 0.910 7 0.027 6 0.166 2 0.275 6 0.005 8 0.076 1 0.321 6 0.010 2 0.100 8 较紧张 1.116 3 0.034 0 0.184 2 0.369 7 0.007 1 0.084 4 0.434 8 0.011 8 0.108 7 很紧张 1.276 4 0.056 2 0.237 1 0.442 9 0.011 8 0.108 5 0.524 3 0.017 3 0.131 5
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表 4 中型车驾驶员感受评价数据处理结果
Table 4. Processing result of medium-vehicle drivers' perception evaluating data
类别 心率计算指标 眼球移动角速度计算指标 注视点分布范围计算指标 心理感受 均值 方差 标准差 均值 方差 标准差 均值 方差 标准差 不紧张 0.435 2 0.006 3 0.079 5 0.226 8 0.002 7 0.051 9 0.320 9 0.009 0 0.094 7 较紧张 0.528 8 0.005 5 0.074 1 0.291 0 0.002 8 0.053 0 0.417 5 0.006 6 0.081 4 很紧张 0.613 2 0.005 4 0.073 7 0.347 6 0.003 0 0.055 2 0.506 9 0.006 3 0.079 7
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表 5 大中型车驾驶员的测试指标及隶属度计算结果
Table 5. Computational result of test indexes and membership degrees for heavy-vehicle drivers
测试指标 大型车 中型车 测试指标值 不紧张隶属度 较紧张隶属度 很紧张隶属度 测试指标值 不紧张隶属度 较紧张隶属度 很紧张隶属度 心率 0.950 2 0.406 2 0.509 4 0.084 4 0.400 5 0.669 0 0.329 1 0.002 0 眼球移动角速度 0.293 6 0.407 0 0.508 8 0.084 2 0.206 6 0.651 5 0.343 2 0.005 3 注视点分布范围 0.336 7 0.440 2 0.482 9 0.076 9 0.278 9 0.671 5 0.326 4 0.002 1
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