Dynamic congestion pricing model of combined travel with elastic demand in multi-class network
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摘要: 应用动态交通分配和随机效用理论, 放宽OD矩阵固定不变以及出行者都是同质的假设条件, 研究了多用户弹性需求下组合方式出行的动态拥挤收费问题。提出了与动态组合出行条件等价的变分不等式模型, 建立了动态拥挤收费的双层模型, 设计了对应的启发式算法。算例结果表明: 拥挤收费削减高峰期出发率的效果比较突出, 能将部分高峰时段的出发流量分流至非高峰时段; 拥挤收费对低VOT出行者的诱导作用最大, 低VOT出行者为了避免缴费更愿意更改出行时间或出行路径; 实施拥挤收费后的社会福利总和有所增加, 说明其不仅可以缓解个别路段的拥挤状况, 还可以提高交通系统的整体使用效率。Abstract: The dynamic congestion pricing problem of combined travel was studied in multi-class network with elastic demand by using dynamic transportation assignment theory and stochastic utility theory. The assumptions that all users were homogeneous and total travel demands were all the same were released. A variational inequity model satisfying the dynamic combined travel conditions was proposed, a bi-level dynamic congestion pricing model was established and its solution algorithm was designed. Analysis result shows that the congestion pricing is very effective to reduce the departure rate during peak hours by means of transferring some flows from peak hours to off-peak hours. It has greatest impact on the travelers with low values of time because these travelers would probably change their departure time choices and route choices to avoid the payment of congestion pricing. The total social welfare increases after the implementation of congestion pricing, so the congestion pricing can improve the congestion situation of some links and optimize the whole service efficiency of traffic system.
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表 1 出行者参数
Table 1. Parameters of traveler
表 2 路段出行时间参数
Table 2. Parameters of link travel time
表 3 路段2的收费策略
Table 3. Charge strategy of link 2
表 4 收费后出行需求分布
Table 4. OD demand distribution after charging
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