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摘要: 利用粘弹性三维有限元模型与随时间和空间变化的荷载模式模拟移动荷载, 分析了不同温度与不同行车速度下沥青路面内不同深度处的应力脉冲时间, 与Odemark方法计算结果进行了比较, 并根据2种方法得到的应力脉冲时间预测了沥青混合料的动态模量。研究结果表明: 应力脉冲时间和深度之间存在明显的非线性关系, 在靠近路表处, 温度和速度对应力脉冲时间的影响较小, 而在较深处, 则影响显著, 且预测的动态模量最大相对误差为16.1%, 利用粘弹性有限元方法避免了Odemark法中由相关的经验公式及假设所产生的误差, 能更好地反映实际情况。Abstract: The stress pulse durations of various depths in asphalt pavement at different temperatures and vehicle speeds were evaluated by using viscoelastic 3D finite element method(FEM)and simulating the traffic with moving loads which vary with time and space.The results were compared with those obtained by using Odemark method.The durations obtained from both FEM and Odemark method were used to predict the dynamic moduli of asphalt mixtures.The result shows that there clearly exists a nonlinear relationship between the stress pulse duration and the depth.The effect of temperature and speed on the duration is small on pavement surface, while it becomes significant at deeper locations.The maximal relative error of the predicted dynamic moduli is 16.1%.The study indicates that viscoelastic FEM can avoid the errors resulted from the empirical relationships and assumptions adopted in Odemark method, and thus can better represents the real behavior of asphalt pavement.
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图 4 在30 km·h-1时的应力脉冲时间随深度变化曲线
Figure 4. Stress pulse duration-depth curves at 30 km·h-1
图 5 在60 km·h-1时的应力脉冲时间随深度变化曲线
Figure 5. Stress pulse duration-depth curves at 60 km·h-1
图 6 在90 km·h-1时的应力脉冲时间随深度变化曲线
Figure 6. Stress pulse duration-depth curves at 90 km·h-1
表 1 沥青路面结构
Table 1. Asphalt pavement structure
层位 材料类型 厚度/cm 性质 1 改性沥青SMA13 4 粘弹性 2 改性沥青Sup20 6 粘弹性 3 普通沥青Sup25 8 粘弹性 4 级配碎石 40 弹性模量为250 MPa 5 路基 弹性模量为60 MPa 
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