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摘要: 为提高居民出行调查数据校核精度, 按照组团状城市所布设的核查线可围合成若干封闭区域的特点, 依据极大熵原理, 提出了基于核查区的居民出行OD矩阵校核方法, 量化分析了核查区进出交通量与OD矩阵分布量、核查区OD量与路段交通量之间的关系。以此为约束, 按照核查线路段和核查区两个方面的观测值与估算值之间差异最小化为目标, 建立了相应的模型及其算法, 并应用2008年西安市居民出行调查数据对该方法进行了验证。计算结果表明: 经校核后, 519个交通小区的机动车出行OD矩阵分配量与观测交通量之间的平均相对误差为4.75%, 误差最大值为12.28%, 因此该方法可行。Abstract: In order to improve the verification precision of resident trip survey, the characteristic of screen line was studied that could form a lot of closed areas in cluster city, and the verification method of resident trip OD matrix based on screen area was proposed according to maximum entropy principle.The relationship between the inner or outer traffic volume of screen area and OD matrix distribution, and the relationship between the OD matrix distribution of screan area and the traffic volume of road segments were analyzed.The difference minimum between the real values and estimation values in screen line segment and screen area was seen as target, and the corresponding model and algorithm were set up.The method was verified by the data of Xi'an urban resident trip survey in 2008.Analysis result indicates that the mean relative error between the assignment volume of verified vehicle OD matrix and observed data is 4.75%, and the maximum error is 12.28% in 519 traffic zones, so the method is valid.
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Key words:
- resident trip survey /
- data verification /
- screen area /
- OD matrix estimation
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表 1 核查区与交通小区关系
Table 1. Relationship of screen areas and traffic zones
交通小区 核查区 所在街道办 101 2 西一路街道办 102 1 西一路街道办 103 2 中山门街道办 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 906 13 泾河工业园区 
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表 2 交通小区出行OD
Table 2. Trip OD of traffic zones
pcu·h-1 交通小区 101 102 103 104 105 … 906 101 132 12 4 0 4 … 144 102 50 582 5 1 178 … 12 103 4 0 274 152 45 … 171 104 46 2 109 73 268 … 59 105 2 8 57 201 1 295 … 176 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 906 155 4 202 90 359 … 1 127
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表 3 核查区出行OD
Table 3. Trip OD of screen areas
pcu·h-1 核查区 1 2 3 … 13 1 74 435 20 232 5 348 … 808 2 20 461 147 390 8 570 … 2 084 3 6 540 6 861 128 017 … 5 338 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 13 835 1 831 6 027 … 43 043
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表 4 核查区观测进出交通量
Table 4. Inner and outer observation traffic volumes of screen areas
pcu·h-1 核查区 1 2 3 … 13 进量 78 724 92 316 104 635 … 63 214 出量 64 394 96 827 102 012 … 49 111
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表 5 核查区出行分布修正系数
Table 5. Trip distribution adjustment factors of screen areas
核查区 1 2 3 … 13 1 0.331 0.572 3.663 … 1.446 2 0.632 0.748 1.024 … 0.730 3 2.141 1.081 0.736 … 0.942 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 13 0.974 0.673 0.958 … 0.249
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表 6 交通小区出行分布修正系数
Table 6. Trip distribution adjustment factors of traffic zones
交通小区 101 102 103 … 906 101 0.343 0.438 0.121 … 0.175 102 0.261 0.569 0.630 … 0.394 103 0.365 0.064 0.487 … 0.410 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 906 0.613 0.494 0.241 … 0.093
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表 7 核查区交通量估计误差
Table 7. Traffic volume estimation errors of screen zones
核查区 观测交通流量/ (pcu·h-1) 估算交通流量/ (pcu·h-1) 相对误差/% 1 143 118 144 705 1.11 2 189 143 182 914 3.29 3 206 647 215 176 4.13 4 253 338 241 241 4.78 5 125 119 121 314 3.04 6 159 963 164 907 3.09 7 131 512 135 677 3.17 8 141 936 148 490 4.62 9 168 778 161 991 4.02 10 95 097 99 201 4.32 11 110 436 114 458 3.64 12 75 533 72 415 4.13 13 112 325 115 987 3.26 平均值 147 150 147 575 3.58
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表 8 核查点交通量估计误差
Table 8. Traffic volume estimation errors of screen points
核查点 观测交通流量/ (pcu·h-1) 估算交通流量/ (pcu·h-1) 相对误差/% 111 15 902 16 449 3.44 112 17 195 16 661 3.11 113 22 961 22 155 3.51 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 160 12 481 12 982 4.02 平均值 294 299 308 573 4.85
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