组合式桥梁护栏防撞性能仿真与试验

摘要: 为了提高特大型桥梁的道路行车安全性, 通过理论计算与形式调查, 确定了一种组合式护栏的基本结构形式, 采用基于有限元理论的计算机仿真方法对护栏结构进行了多次优化设计, 并通过实车足尺护栏碰撞试验验证了最终优化结构的防护性能。研究结果表明: 该组合式护栏的结构能有效防护失控车辆的碰撞, 防护能量可达到420 kJ以上, 达到中国规范要求的SA级; 试验证明采用计算机仿真方法获取的数据可靠有效。
- 桥梁护栏 /
- 防撞性能 /
- 计算机仿真 /
- 试验验证
Abstract: To improve large bridge traffic safety quality, the basic structure of a combined bridge guardrail was identified by theoretical calculations and type investigation. A number of guardrail structure optimization designs were conducted by using computer simulation based on finite element theory, and the crashworthiness of optimized guardrail was validated by full-scale vehicle crash test.Analysis result shows that the guardrail structure can effectively protect errant vehicle, and its crashworthiness can reach more than 420 kJ, which agrees with SA degree of relevant standard in China. The experiment also validates the validity and reliability of data extracted from computer simulation.
- bridge guardrail /
- crashworthiness /
- computer simulation /
- experiment validation

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图 1 金属梁柱式及钢筋混凝土墙式护栏

Figure 1. Metal beam and RC guardrails

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图 2 组合式护栏

Figure 2. Combined bridge guardrails

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图 3 护栏断面初步结构

Figure 3. Primary structure of guardrail section

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图 4 汽车模型对比

Figure 4. Contrast of vehicle models

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图 5 护栏有限元模型

Figure 5. Finite element model of guardrail

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图 6 小客车运行状态

Figure 6. Move states of car

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图 7 护栏变形

Figure 7. Deformations of guardrail

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图 8 肋板安装位置

Figure 8. Rib installation situations

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图 9 小客车损坏

Figure 9. Car damage

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图 10 护栏损坏

Figure 10. Guardrail damage

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图 11 大货车损坏

Figure 11. Truck damage

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图 12 小客车行驶轨迹对比

Figure 12. Contrast of car move traces

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图 13 小客车加速度对比

Figure 13. Contrast of car accelerations

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图 14 大货车行驶轨迹对比

Figure 14. Contrast of truck move traces

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表 1 碰撞试验条件

Table 1. Crash test condition

车型	碰撞速度/ (km·h^-1)	碰撞角度/ (°)	车辆质量/t	碰撞能量/kJ
小客车	100	20	1.5	68
3轴大货车	65	20	22.0	419

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表 2 计算结果与试验结果对比

Table 2. Contrast of simulation result and test result

检测参数	评价指标		大货车		小客车
			计算值	检测值	计算值	检测值
防撞性能	护栏应能够有效地阻挡车辆, 禁止车辆任何形式的穿越、翻越、骑跨、下穿护栏		符合	符合	符合	符合
	在碰撞过程中护栏组件、碰撞碎片或其他碰撞物不能侵入驾驶室内及阻挡驾驶员视线
车体加速度/g	车体3个方向加速度10 ms平均值最大值不大于20g	x方向	不考虑	12.1	9.0	10.6
		y方向		13.2	16.1	15.7
		z方向		5.5	7.0	6.1
驶出角度/ (°)	护栏应有良好的导向功能, 驶出角度应小于碰撞角度的60%		2.0	0.0	5.0	4.3
车辆行驶状态	碰撞后车辆保持正常行驶姿态, 没有发生横转、调头、翻车现象		符合	符合	符合	符合
最大动态变形/mm	护栏最大动态变形量不大于500 mm		141.6	135.0	0.0	0.0

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