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摘要: 采用延长时间的水煮法研究了4种抗剥落剂对改善沥青与花岗岩集料的粘附性能优劣。以花岗岩沥青混合料表面层为研究对象, 基于路面水损害目标设计了较小空隙率的花岗岩沥青混合料, 进行了掺加美氏、PA-1和不掺加抗剥落剂3种情况下的马歇尔试验、车辙试验、水稳性试验、加速老化试验、浸水肯塔堡飞散试验等。试验结果表明: 相对于不掺加的状况, 掺加美氏抗剥落剂后, 花岗岩沥青混合料的稳定度提高39.8%, 动稳定度提高42.1%, 残留稳定度提高13%, 冻融劈裂比提高16%, 飞散损失降低4.4%;掺加PA-1抗剥落剂后, 花岗岩沥青混合料的稳定度提高14%, 动稳定度提高22.9%, 残留稳定度提高8%, 冻融劈裂比提高12%, 飞散损失降低2.9%;掺加这2种抗剥落剂的沥青混合料加速老化试验后的技术指标均满足规范要求。可见, 掺加受热稳定性良好的抗剥落剂是提高花岗岩路用性能的重要保证, 且美氏抗剥落剂改善效果优于PA-1。但仅通过2%水泥替换矿粉方法难以全面满足花岗岩沥青混合料路用性能要求。Abstract: The adhesion between granite aggregate and asphalt was evaluated by extending the boiling time and adding several kinds of anti-stripping agents. Taking the surface layer of granite asphalt mixture as the research objective, minor void volume was designed based on the target of water damage, and some tests including Marshall stability test, wheel rutting test, water stability test, accelerating aging test and Cantabro test were conducted under the conditions of adding MeadWestvaco, PA-1 and no adding anti-stripping agent. Test result shows that contrasted with no adding anti-stripping agent, granite asphalt mixture's stability, dynamic stability, residue stability and freeze-thaw splitting rate increase by 39.8%, 42.1%, 13% and 16% respectively, and its flying shards loss decrease by 4.4% in the condition of adding MeadWestvaco.While granite asphalt mixture's stability, dynamic stability, residue stability and freeze-thaw splitting rate increase by 14%, 22.9%, 8% and 12% respectively, and its flying shard loss decrease by 2.9% when adding PA-1. The technical indices of granite asphalt mixtures after accelerating aging test come up to the specifications when adding two kinds of anti-stripping agents.The study indicates that adding anti-stripping agent with good thermal stability is the key point to improve the road performance of the mixture, and the effect of MeadWestvaco is superior to that of PA-1. The way that mineral powder is replaced by 2% cement cannot fully meet the performance need of granite asphalt mixture.
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Key words:
- pavement material /
- granite asphalt mixture /
- road performance /
- anti-stripping agent
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图 2 老化后抗剥落剂对粘附性等级的贡献
Figure 2. Contribution of anti-stripping agents to adhesion degree after aging
图 4 老化前、后的水稳性试验结果比较
Figure 4. Comparison of water stability test results before and after aging
表 1 沥青试验指标
Table 1. Test indexes of asphalt
25 ℃针入度/0.1 mm 针入度指数PI 软化点/℃ 5 ℃延度/cm RTFOT后 质量变化/% 25 ℃针入度比/% 5 ℃延度/cm 49 0.4 79 32 0.23 80 15.7 
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表 2 水泥试验指标
Table 2. Test indexes of cement
表观密度/(t·m-3) 含水量/% 外观 亲水系数 加热安定性 3.108 0.1 无团粒结块 0.96 无变化
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表 3 AC-13C级配设计
Table 3. AC-13C gradation design
级配设计范围 通过方筛孔(mm)的质量百分率/% 16 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 级配上限 100.0 100.0 85.0 68.0 50.0 38.0 28.0 20.0 15.0 8.0 级配下限 100.0 90.0 68.0 38.0 24.0 15.0 10.0 7.0 5.0 4.0 级配中值 100.0 95.0 76.5 53.0 37.0 26.5 19.0 13.5 10.0 6.0 设计级配 100.0 96.0 68.1 39.8 30.1 23.9 18.2 13.3 9.4 5.6 关键性筛孔级配 < 40.0
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表 4 马歇尔试验结果
Table 4. Marshell test result
试验指标 空隙率/% VMA/% VFA/% 稳定度/kN 流值/mm 未掺加 4.4 14.4 69.5 16.02 2.8 掺加0.4%美氏 4.3 14.3 69.7 22.40 2.5 掺加0.4% PA-1 4.3 14.3 69.7 18.26 2.4
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表 5 车辙试验结果
Table 5. Wheel tracking test result
项目 未掺加 掺加0.4%美氏 掺加0.4%PA-1 动稳定度/(次·mm-1) 5 204 7 394 6 398 增加幅度/% 42.1 22.9
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表 7 抗滑及渗水试验结果
Table 7. Result of skid resistance and permeable performance test
摩擦系数BPN 构造深度/mm 渗水系数/(mL·min-1) 60 0.57 36
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