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摘要: 将沥青面层抗反射裂缝疲劳寿命和水泥混凝土板弯拉疲劳强度作为复合式机场道面的设计依据, 基于复合式机场道面荷载应力、温度应力及抗反射裂缝疲劳寿命的计算式, 借鉴民用航空运输机场水泥混凝土道面结构设计方法和公路水泥混凝土路面结构设计方法, 提出了以荷载与温度综合疲劳弯拉应力和沥青面层反射裂缝疲劳寿命为设计指标的复合式机场道面结构设计方法, 以单层、双层、三层的面层结构组合方案进行对比设计。设计结果表明: 面层采用双层的改性沥青混凝土方案时综合疲劳应力为4.84 MPa, 抗反射裂缝疲劳寿命为699 362次, 满足设计要求, 是一种经济可靠的结构组合方案, 因此, 设计方法可行。Abstract: The anti-reflective cracking fatigue life of asphalt course and the fatigue strength of concrete slab were taken as design basis. The structure design methods of the specifications for the cement concrete pavements of civil transport airport and highway were analyzed. The calculated equations of load stress, temperature stress and anti-reflective cracking fatigue life were studied. A structure design method of composition airfield pavement was put forward. Its two design indexes were the synthetic fatigue stress under load and temperature for concrete slab and the fatigue life of anti-reflective cracking for asphalt surface course. During the analysis of design examples, the projects of single layer, double layers and three layers were contrasted. The result indicates that for double layers modified asphalt structure, the fatigue stress is 4.84 MPa, and the anti-reflective cracking fatigue life is 699 362 times, which meets the design requirement of the example, so the project is credible and the structure design method is reasonable.
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表 1 回归系数A与B
Table 1. Values of regression coefficients A and B
失效概率 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 A 0.934 0 0.971 3 0.993 5 1.009 4 1.021 8 1.031 9 1.040 5 1.048 0 1.054 6 1.060 6 B 0.039 1 0.040 3 0.040 9 0.041 2 0.041 3 0.041 4 0.041 4 0.041 4 0.041 4 0.041 3 
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表 2 回归系数C、D、E的取值
Table 2. Values of regression coefficients C, D and E
系数 公路自然区划 Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ Ⅶ C 0.828 0.855 0.841 0.871 0.837 0.834 D 0.041 0.041 0.058 0.071 0.038 0.052 E 1.323 1.355 1.323 1.287 1.382 1.270
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表 3 弯拉弹性模量经验值
Table 3. Experiential values of concrete flexural moduli
弯拉强度/MPa 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 抗压强度/MPa 5.0 7.7 11.0 14.9 19.3 弯拉弹性模量/GPa 10 15 18 21 23 弯拉强度/MPa 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 抗压强度/MPa 24.2 29.7 35.8 41.8 48.4 弯拉弹性模量/GPa 25 27 29 31 33
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表 4 道面结构参数
Table 4. Structure parameters of airfield pavement
结构层 厚度/cm 弹性模量/MPa 沥青混凝土 待定 水泥混凝土 待定 31 000 水泥稳定碎石 20 7 000 二灰土 20 1 000 土基 100
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表 5 飞机参数及年运行次数换算
Table 5. Airplane parameters and conversion of annual running numbers
机型 MD-82 B737-300 B747-200 A300-600 B777-200 最大起飞质量/t 74 64 378 170 300 主起落架个数 2 2 4 2 2 主起落架轮子数 2 2 4 4 6 主起落架荷载分配系数 0.939 0.926 0.964 0.890 0.960 主起落架轮胎压力/MPa 1.17 1.23 1.34 1.29 1.45 主起落架构型换算系数 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 主起落架荷载/kN 169.0 144.0 223.0 185.5 235.4 主起落架荷载与设计荷载之比 0.718 0.612 0.947 0.788 1.000 运行次数 37 500 37 500 30 000 30 000 15 000 换算次数 4 870 2 533 22 787 9 409 15 000 设计飞机年当量运行次数 54 598
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表 6 计算结果
Table 6. Calculation result
初定结构 设计参数 荷载疲劳应力/MPa 温度疲劳应力/MPa 综合疲劳应力/MPa 反射裂缝疲劳寿命/次 普通沥青混凝土 改性沥青混凝土 结构一 4.347 1.849 6.196 35 709 81 369 结构二 4.183 0.657 4.840 376 230 699 362 结构三 4.130 0.044 4.173 1 805 483 2 948 170 设计要求 < 5.0 > 216 216
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