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摘要: 基于结构力学中的力法原理, 对动车转向架构架结构几何尺寸进行参数化设计, 利用Microsoft Visual C++6.0实现程序化。根据构架设计的原始参数、UIC 615-4—2003标准规定的计算载荷和载荷工况及制造材料的许用应力, 确定构架的总体尺寸和不同截面的几何尺寸, 分析动车转向架构架在各个载荷工况下的最大名义应力。通过计算应力与许用应力的比较, 检查构架结构尺寸的合理性。计算结果表明: 在构架结构方案设计过程中, 根据UIC 615-4—2003和EN 13749—2005标准的规定, 载荷工况1~13的von-Mises应力小于制造材料16Mn的许用应力230 MPa, 载荷工况14的von-Mises应力小于制造材料16Mn的屈服极限345 MPa, 构架的静强度满足设计的要求, 因此, 应用参数化设计可以快速有效地确定构架的结构几何尺寸, 提高构架的设计效率。Abstract: The geometric sizes of bogie frame for motive power units were carried on by using the parametric design based on the mechanical method of structural mechanicst. The procedure was completed by Microsoft Visual C++6.0. According to the primitive parameters of the frame, the specified load and the load cases of the standard UIC 615-4—2003, the allowable stress of material, the overall sizes of the frame and the geometric sizes of different sections were educed, and the biggest nominal stresses of the frame under the load cases were analyzed. Through the comparison of calculational stresses and allowable stresses, the rationality of the frame's structural sizes was inspected. Calculation result indicates that in the design process of the frame, according to the standards UIC 615-4—2003 and EN 13749—2005, under load cases 1~13, the von-Mises stresses are less than 230 MPa, which is the allowable stress of 16Mn material. Under load case 14, the von-Mises stress is less than 345 MPa, which is the yield limit of 16Mn material.The static strength of the frame meets the design requirements.Obviously, the design effectively defines the frame's geometric sizes, and improves the frame's design efficiency.
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Key words:
- motive power units /
- bogie frame /
- mechanical method /
- parametric design
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图 3 横向载荷作用下四分之一构架计算简图
Figure 3. Calculation diagram of a quarter of frame under transverse loads
图 4 对称力和反对称力单独作用下构架受力
Figure 4. Forces of frame under symmetrical and antisymmetrical loads
图 5 扭曲载荷作用下四分之一构架计算简图
Figure 5. Calculation diagram of a quarter of frame under torsional loads
表 1 各载荷工况下的应力集中系数
Table 1. Stress concentration factors under various loads
载荷工况 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 应力集中系数k 2.25 2.25 2.02 1.57 2.25 2.25 1.67 1.25 
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表 2 不同载荷工况、不同计算方法的von-Mises应力值比较
Table 2. Comparison of von-Mises equivalent stresses under different loads and different calculation methods
载荷工况 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 力法/MPa 110.80 109.32 136.70 190.60 153.64 196.58 202.07 109.32 136.70 190.60 153.64 196.58 202.07 317.24 有限元法/MPa 123.00 109.00 146.00 210.00 156.00 175.00 218.00 95.50 145.00 212.00 142.00 198.00 227.00 333.00 计算相对误差/% 9.92 0.30 6.37 9.24 1.51 10.98 7.31 12.64 5.72 10.09 7.58 0.72 10.98 4.73
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