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摘要: 对国内外道路交通事故数据进行了统计, 分析了疲劳驾驶事故中驾驶人特征、事故时段分布及高速公路上交通事故主要成因, 研究了疲劳驾驶对操作行为的影响和驾驶人疲劳产生的原因, 提出了疲劳驾驶预防对策。分析结果表明: 30岁以下男驾驶人、3年以下驾龄和10年左右驾龄的驾驶人是疲劳驾驶事故的高发群体; 2:00~6: 00与15:00~16:00是疲劳驾驶事故的高发时段; 高速公路上疲劳驾驶引发的交通事故比例远高于普通公路; 疲劳驾驶产生的原因主要包括长时间驾驶、睡眠不足或质量差、生理节律、驾驶人因素等。通过保证驾驶人有充足的睡眠与短暂休息, 合理安排行车时间及使用疲劳预警装置等方法, 可以有效预防疲劳的产生, 减少疲劳驾驶事故的发生。Abstract: Based on the statistics of road traffic accidents at home and abroad, the driver characteristics in fatigue driving, the time period distribution of accidents, and the main reasons of highway accidents were analyzed respectively. The effect of fatigue driving on operating actions and the reason of driver fatigue were studied, and the preventive measures of fatigue driving were put forward. Analysis result shows that male drivers under 30 years of age, the peoples with less than 3 years of driving ages and the peoples with about 10 years of driving ages are the colony who have more fatigue driving accidents than others. Most fatigue driving accidents happen approximately at 2:00 to 6:00 and 15:00 to 16:00, and the accident scales caused by fatigue driving on expressway are more higher than that on ordinary road.The causes of fatigue include prolonged driving, lack of sleep, circadian rhythms and driver factors.In order to prevent fatigue and reduce fatigue driving accidents, drivers are suggested to have sufficient sleep, a short rest, reasonable arrangements for travel time, and use fatigue warning devices.
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Key words:
- fatigue driving /
- traffic accident /
- accident characteristic /
- preventive measure
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图 2 不同驾龄驾驶人发生疲劳驾驶事故的死亡人数
Figure 2. Death tolls of fatigue driving accidents under different driving ages
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