Effect of longitudinal stiffness of traction rod on car body elastic vibration for high-speed passenger car
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摘要: 为了降低车体的弹性振动, 分析了激发车体垂向弹性振动的振动传递路径, 建立了某型高速客车车体有限元模型。利用多体动力学软件SIMPACK的接口模块FEMBS建立了铁道客车刚柔耦合系统动力学模型, 研究了牵引拉杆纵向刚度对车体弹性振动的影响。考虑了牵引拉杆最基本的牵引和制动功能, 使用变刚度牵引拉杆来抑制车体的弹性振动。仿真结果表明: 牵引拉杆纵向刚度不会改变车体刚体振动, 仅对车体弹性振动有影响; 高速客车的车轮偏心导致车体产生严重的弹性振动, 一般发生在车辆低速运行情况下; 使用变刚度牵引拉杆可以在保证牵引和制动功能的情况下明显降低车体垂向弹性振动与纵向振动, 不影响车体横向振动。Abstract: In order to reduce car body elastic vibration, the vibration transmission paths exciting car body elastic vibration were analyzed.A finite element model of car body for high-speed passenger car was established, a rigid-flexible coupling system dynamics model of passenger car was established by using FEMBS module of multi-body dynamics software SIMPACK, and the effect of longitudinal stiffness of traction rod on car body elastic vibration was researched.Considering traction rod's basic hauling and braking functions, traction rod with variable stiffness was used to suppress car body elastic vibration.Simulation result shows that the longitudinal stiffness of traction rod doesn't affect car body rigid vibration but elastic vibration.Wheel imbalance leads to serious car body elastic vibration, which often occurs at low speed.Traction rod with variable stiffness can meet the hauling and braking functions, and can reduce the vertical elastic vibration and longitudinal vibration of car body effectively, but can't affect its lateral vibration.
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图 5 拉杆纵向刚度对构架纵向振动固有频率的影响
Figure 5. Effect of longitudinal stiffness of traction rod on longitudinal vibration frequency of bogie
图 8 垂向加速度幅频特性曲线
Figure 8. Frequency response characteristic curves of vertical acceleration
图 10 车体与构架间的纵向相对位移最大值
Figure 10. Maximum longitudinal displacement between car body and bogie frame
图 11 牵引拉杆纵向刚度非线性特性
Figure 11. Nonlinear characteristic of traction rod longitudinal stiffness
表 1 车辆系统计算参数
Table 1. Calculation parameters of vehicle system
参数名称 取值 车体质量mc/kg 28 500 构架质量mb/kg 2 600 轮对质量mw/kg 1 970 轮对点头转动惯量Iw/ (kg·m2) 78 轴箱纵向定位刚度kw/ (N·m-1) 1.47×107 抗蛇形减振器接头刚度ky/ (N·m-1) 8.88×106 传统牵引拉杆纵向刚度kt/ (N·m-1) 1.00×107 车轮半径R/m 0.43 
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