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摘要: 分析了汽车加油过程中汽油蒸汽排放量测量的试验方法, 设计了一套用于检测加油过程汽油蒸汽排放的收集设备, 介绍了设备的基本组成和工作原理, 在平均温度为25℃和雷德蒸汽压为62kPa的条件下进行了3组试验, 测量了汽油车加油过程中的油气蒸发量。试验结果表明:安装活性炭罐但未安装车载油气回收系统 (ORVR) 的检测系统, 能够减少15.7%的加油过程排放;而当同时安装活性炭罐和ORVR后, 能够减少93.9%的加油过程排放。Abstract: In order to measure the gasoline vapor emission quality in refueling process, the experimental methods of gasoline evaporation loss were studied, and a collection equipment was designed.The basic components and working principle of the equipment were introduced.Under the condition that average temperature was 25 ℃ and RVP (Reid vapor pressure) was 62 kPa, three experiments were operated.The result shows that for the detection system with carbon canister but without ORVR (on-board refueling vapor recovery) , refueling emission reduces by 15.7%. However, while installing carbon canister and ORVR, refueling emission reduces by 93.9%.
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图 1 没有安装活性炭罐和ORVR的加油排放检测系统
1.油箱;2.燃油温度计;3.蒸汽温度计;4.信号处理器;5.压力传感器;6.加油枪定位座;7.油气开关;8.油气开关;9.胶管;10.接管;11.除湿管;12.均压管;13.电子天平;14.大收集器;15.加油枪;16.加油枪密封套;17.加油管
Figure 1. Refueling emission detection system without carbon canister and ORVR
图 2 安装活性炭罐但未安装ORVR的加油排放检测系统
1.活性炭罐;2.电子天平;3.小收集器;4.除湿管;5.均压管;6.通气管;7.油气开关;8.油气分离器;9.通气管;10.油气开关
Figure 2. Refueling emission detection system withcarbon canister but without ORVR
图 3 同时安装活性炭罐和ORVR的加油排放检测装置
1.坡度阀;2.控制阀
Figure 3. Refueling emission detection system with carbon canister and ORVR
图 4 汽油箱加油放油装置
1.油箱;2.放油管;3.加油枪;4.进油管;5.抽油泵;6.加油机;7.放油管;8.L型三通球阀;9.油罐;10.进油管
Figure 4. Refueling and discharging device of gasoline tank
表 1 没有安装活性炭罐和ORVR试验结果
Table 1. Experimental result of detection system without carbon canister and ORVR
加油量/L 排放量/g 排放率/ (g·L-1) 50.59 60.00 1.186 50.59 64.38 1.285 50.10 60.99 1.206 
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表 2 安装活性炭罐但未装ORVR试验结果
Table 2. Experimental result of detection system with carbon canister but without ORVR
加油量/L 排放量/g 排放率/ (g·L-1) 50.59 50.97 1.007 50.59 53.18 1.051 50.10 52.10 1.040
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表 3 同时安装活性炭罐和ORVR的试验结果
Table 3. Experimental results of detection system with carbon canister and ORVR
加油量/L 排放量/g 排放率/ (g·L-1) 50.12 3.53 0.070 50.04 4.39 0.088 50.10 3.42 0.068
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表 4 排放率平均值
Table 4. Average emission ratios
试验方法 排放率/ (g·L-1) 没有安装活性炭罐和ORVR 1.226 安装活性炭罐但未安装ORVR 1.033 同时安装活性炭罐和ORVR 0.075
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[1] TSCHANTZ M. 控制汽车挥发性有机化合物排放——车载油气回收系统的优点[R]. 北京: 中华人民共和国环境保护部机动车排污监控中心, 2008.TSCHANTZ M. Controlling automotive VOC emission—benefits of ORVR[R]. Beijing: Control Center of Vehicle Emission, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People s Republic of China, 2008.(in Chinese) [2] 蔡锦榕, 何仁, 韦海燕. 控制轿车加油排放的ORVR技术综述[J]. 车用发动机, 2009 (2): 1-5. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CYFD200902002.htmCAI Jin-rong, HE Ren, WEI Hai-yan. Review of the ORVR technology of controlling car refueling emission[J]. Vehicle Engine, 2009 (2): 1-5.(in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CYFD200902002.htm [3] GB/T14763—93, 汽油车燃油蒸发污染物的测量收集法[S].GB/T14763—93, measurement of fuel evaporative pollutants from vehicle with petrol engine—trap method[S].(in Chinese) [4] 王程, 许善珍. 汽车燃油蒸发排放测试设备开发方案研究[J]. 公路与汽运, 2006 (6): 10-12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNQY200606004.htmWANG Cheng, XU Shan-Zhen. Research on the development of vaporized emission test device of vehicle fuel[J]. Highways and Automotive Applications, 2006 (6): 10-12.(in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNQY200606004.htm [5] 程勇, 付铁强, 李洧, 等. 国产轻型汽油车蒸发排放现状与分析[J]. 汽车工程, 2002, 24 (3): 182-186. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-680X.2002.03.002CHENG Yong, FU Tie-qiang, LI Wei, et al. Status quo and analysis of evaporative emission from domestic light-duty gas-oline vehicle[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2002, 24 (3): 182-186.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-680X.2002.03.002 [6] 40CFR86.150—98, refueling test procedure overview[S]. [7] 40CFR86.151—98, general requirements;refueling test[S]. [8] 40CFR86.152—98, vehicle preparation;refueling test[S]. [9] 40CFR86.154—98, measurement procedure;refueling test[S]. [10] 40CFR86.155—98, records required;refueling test[S]. [11] 40CFR86.156—98, calculations;refueling test[S]. [12] 40CFR86.157—98, refueling test procedures for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles[S]. [13] GB 18296—2001, 汽车燃油箱安全性能要求和试验方法[S].GB 18296—2001, safety property requirements and test methods for automobile fuel tank[S].(in Chinese) -
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