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摘要: 将地铁通道和高峰时段客流描述成排队系统, 在分析参数特性的基础上, 构建了排队优化模型, 将行人服务水平的概念引入到地铁人行通道通行能力的计算中, 得出了一套新的地铁通道宽度取值方法。建立仿真模型对给定到达和服务规律的排队优化理论模型进行了验证, 该模型可模拟任意一种到达和服务规律的通道排队系统。比较结果表明: 排队优化模型和仿真模拟在最低服务等级下得出的结果均与现有设计规范得出的值比较接近, 但随着设定服务等级的提高, 前2种方法计算出的通道宽度值呈现较明显的同步增长趋势, 而现有规范得出的值呈水平趋势。Abstract: Subway footway and passenger flux were described as a queuing system at rush hours, a queuing optimization model was built based on the analysis of parameter characteristics, and a new approach for determining subway footway width was developed by combining the level of service for passengers with the calculation of subway footway capacity.A simulation model was proposed to testify the theoretical model above, which was capable of simulating the queuing system with any arrival process and any distribution of service time.Comparison result shows that the results of queuing optimization model and stochastic simulation at the lowest level of service are both close to the values of existing design norm, but with the improvement of service level, the values calculated by the former two methods show a remarkable trend of simultaneous growth, while those derived from the existing design norm show a level trend.
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Key words:
- subway footway /
- level of service /
- queuing theory /
- optimization model
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表 1 服务等级
Table 1. Service levels
参数 服务等级 A B C D E S/m2 3.5 2.8 1.7 1.1 0.7 μ/ (m·s-1) 1.34 1.28 1.22 1.19 1.06 δ/ (m·s-1) 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.07 
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表 2 通道宽度对比
Table 2. Comparison among subway footway width values
客流量/ (人·h-1) 计算类型 设计宽度/m A B C D E 5 000 排队模型 4.316 2 3.765 2 3.254 7 2.123 8 1.014 6 仿真模拟 4.222 1 3.776 2 2.942 4 2.367 2 0.944 1 现有规范 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 1.000 0 10 000 排队模型 6.432 5 5.730 5 4.247 7 3.427 1 2.029 2 仿真模拟 6.333 0 5.664 3 4.413 6 3.550 5 1.888 2 现有规范 2.000 0 2.000 0 2.000 0 2.000 0 2.000 0 15 000 排队模型 10.448 7 9.395 8 6.003 7 4.940 6 3.043 9 仿真模拟 10.555 0 9.440 5 5.884 8 4.734 3 2.832 3 现有规范 3.000 0 3.000 0 3.000 0 3.000 0 3.000 0
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