Two-part pricing model of container liner based on gross mass of individual container
Article Text (Baidu Translation)
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摘要: 为了解决集装箱班轮运输中因定价方式不合理而导致的运力利用不当及舱位利用率较低的问题, 基于经典的二部定价理论, 借助样本分析所得的相关统计学特征, 构建了非线性定价收益优化模型, 通过MATLAB编程对算例进行了一系列的数学试验, 求得了相关影响因素在不同变化规律下的模型优化结果。分析结果表明: 在特定条件下, 该模型可使班轮运输企业的收益水平较原先提高近20%, 箱位利用率可提升至100%, 模型正确有效。Abstract: To resolve the irrational use of carrying capacity and the low efficiency of slot employment resulted from unreasonable pricing system in container liner shipping, a nonlinear pricing revenue optimization model was conducted based on classical two-part pricing theory and in virtue of relevant statistics characteristics obtained from sampling analysis.A series of mathematical experiments were carried out through MATLAB programming, and certain optimization conclusions with factors concerned under different laws were drawn.Analysis result indicates that under certain conditions, the revenue of container liner shipping enterprise can increase by 20%, and the rate of slot employment can reach to 100%, so the model is valid.
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表 2 计算结果1
Table 2. Computing result 1
样本容量/TEU 有效数值 7 684 缺失 0 均值/t 14.551 4 标准差/t 6.406 22 最小值/t 1.55 最大值/t 35.68 总和/t 559 063.80 
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表 4 检验结果
Table 4. Test results
样本容量/TEU 7 684 正态参数 均值/t 14.551 4 标准差/t 6.406 22 极差 绝对 0.026 正 0.026 负 -0.021 K-S检验的Z值 5.140 双尾显著性 0.000
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表 5 频度分析结果
Table 5. Frequency analysis results
区间 质量区间/t 样本数/TEU 区间 质量区间/t 样本数/TEU 区间 质量区间/t 样本数/TEU 1 (0, 5] 474 10 (13, 14] 441 19 (22, 23] 223 2 (5, 6] 259 11 (14, 15] 457 20 (23, 24] 161 3 (6, 7] 267 12 (15, 16] 429 21 (24, 25] 152 4 (7, 8] 313 13 (16, 17] 424 22 (25, 26] 130 5 (8, 9] 308 14 (17, 18] 427 23 (26, 27] 93 6 (9, 10] 381 15 (18, 19] 350 24 (27, 28] 74 7 (10, 11] 421 16 (19, 20] 324 25 (28, 29] 50 8 (11, 12] 389 17 (20, 21] 305 26 (29, 30] 31 9 (12, 13] 450 18 (21, 22] 268 27 (30, 36] 83
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表 6 试验1的优化结果
Table 6. Optimizing results of test 1
i 质量区间/t 原托运量/TEU 每标准箱价格变动/USD 每标准箱变动后价格/USD 实际载运量/TEU 变动后托运量/TEU 变动后收入/USD 1 (0, 5] 474 698 1 498 300 300 449 400 2 (5, 6] 259 268 1 068 192 192 205 056 3 (6, 7] 267 284 1 084 196 196 212 464 4 (7, 8] 313 376 1 176 219 219 257 544 5 (8, 9] 308 366 1 166 217 217 253 022 6 (9, 10] 381 512 1 312 253 253 331 936 7 (10, 11] 421 592 1 392 273 273 380 016 8 (11, 12] 389 528 1 328 257 257 341 296 9 (12, 13] 450 650 1 450 288 288 417 600 10 (13, 14] 441 632 1 432 283 283 405 256 11 (14, 15] 457 664 1 464 291 291 426 024 12 (15, 16] 429 608 1 408 277 277 390 016 13 (16, 17] 424 598 1 398 275 275 384 450 14 (17, 18] 427 604 1 404 276 276 387 504 15 (18, 19] 350 450 1 250 238 238 297 500 16 (19, 20] 324 398 1 198 225 225 269 550 17 (20, 21] 305 360 1 160 215 215 249 400 18 (21, 22] 268 286 1 086 197 197 213 942 19 (22, 23] 223 196 996 174 174 173 304 20 (23, 24] 161 72 872 143 143 124 696 21 (24, 25] 152 -742 58 0 337 0 22 (25, 26] 130 -776 24 0 324 0 23 (26, 27] 93 -727 73 0 275 0 24 (27, 28] 74 -102 698 100 100 69 800 25 (28, 29] 50 -150 650 88 88 57 200 26 (29, 30] 31 -188 612 78 78 47 736 27 (30, 36] 83 -84 716 104 104 74 464
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表 7 试验2的优化结果
Table 7. Optimizing results of test 2
i 质量区间/t 原托运量/TEU 每标准箱价格变动/USD 每标准箱变动后价格/USD 实际载运量/TEU 变动后托运量/TEU 变动后收入/USD 1 (0, 5] 474 241 1 041 353 353 367 473 2 (5, 6] 259 47 847 235 235 199 045 3 (6, 7] 267 62 862 236 236 203 432 4 (7, 8] 313 115 915 256 256 234 240 5 (8, 9] 308 117 917 250 250 229 250 6 (9, 10] 381 197 997 283 283 282 151 7 (10, 11] 421 244 1 044 299 299 312 156 8 (11, 12] 389 219 1 019 280 280 285 320 9 (12, 13] 450 287 1 087 307 307 333 709 10 (13, 14] 441 285 1 085 299 299 324 415 11 (14, 15] 457 307 1 107 303 303 335 421 12 (15, 16] 429 286 1 086 286 286 310 596 13 (16, 17] 424 288 1 088 280 280 304 640 14 (17, 18] 427 298 1 098 278 278 305 244 15 (18, 19] 350 228 1 028 236 236 242 608 16 (19, 20] 324 209 1 009 219 219 220 971 17 (20, 21] 305 197 997 207 207 206 379 18 (21, 22] 268 167 967 185 185 178 895 19 (22, 23] 223 129 929 159 159 147 711 20 (23, 24] 161 74 874 124 124 108 376 21 (24, 25] 152 72 872 116 116 101 152 22 (25, 26] 130 57 857 102 102 87 414 23 (26, 27] 93 27 827 80 80 66 160 24 (27, 28] 74 14 814 67 67 54 538 25 (28, 29] 50 -3 797 51 51 40 647 26 (29, 30] 31 -15 785 38 38 29 830 27 (30, 36] 83 62 862 52 52 44 824
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表 8 试验3的优化结果
Table 8. Optimizing results of test 3
i 质量区间/t 原托运量/TEU 每标准箱价格变动/USD 每标准箱变动后价格/USD 实际载运量/TEU 变动后托运量/TEU 变动后收入/USD 1 (0, 5] 474 -102 698 679 679 473 942 2 (5, 6] 259 -121 679 501 501 340 179 3 (6, 7] 267 -108 692 482 482 333 544 4 (7, 8] 313 -84 716 482 482 345 112 5 (8, 9] 308 -74 726 456 456 331 056 6 (9, 10] 381 -44 756 469 469 354 564 7 (10, 11] 421 -22 778 466 466 362 548 8 (11, 12] 389 -19 781 427 427 333 487 9 (12, 13] 450 8 808 434 434 350 672 10 (13, 14] 441 18 818 406 406 332 108 11 (14, 15] 457 33 833 391 391 325 703 12 (15, 16] 429 38 838 353 353 295 814 13 (16, 17] 424 48 848 328 328 278 144 14 (17, 18] 427 61 861 306 306 263 466 15 (18, 19] 350 53 853 244 244 208 132 16 (19, 20] 324 58 858 208 208 178 464 17 (20, 21] 305 65 865 175 175 151 375 18 (21, 22] 268 67 867 133 133 115 311 19 (22, 23] 223 68 868 87 87 75 516 20 (23, 24] 161 64 864 33 33 28 512 21 (24, 25] 152 73 873 5 5 4 365 22 (25, 26] 130 65 865 0 0 0 23 (26, 27] 93 46 846 0 0 0 24 (27, 28] 74 37 837 0 0 0 25 (28, 29] 50 25 825 0 0 0 26 (29, 30] 31 15 815 0 0 0 27 (30, 36] 83 12 812 0 60 0
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表 9 试验4的ki值
Table 9. Values of kiin test 4
i ki i ki i ki 1 -3.82 10 -1.75 19 -0.49 2 -3.55 11 -1.57 20 -0.40 3 -3.29 12 -1.40 21 -0.32 4 -3.04 13 -1.24 22 -0.25 5 -2.80 14 -1.09 23 -0.19 6 -2.57 15 -0.95 24 -0.14 7 -2.35 16 -0.82 25 -0.10 8 -2.14 17 -0.70 26 -0.07 9 -1.94 18 -0.59 27 -0.05
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表 10 试验4的优化结果
Table 10. Optimizing results of test 4
i 质量区间/t ki 原托运量/TEU 每标准箱价格变动/USD 每标准箱变动后价格/USD 实际载运量/TEU 变动后托运量/TEU 变动后收入/USD 1 (0, 5] -3.82 474 -156 644 1 070 1 070 689 080 2 (5, 6] -3.55 259 -143 657 767 767 503 919 3 (6, 7] -3.29 267 -126 674 682 682 459 668 4 (7, 8] -3.04 313 -103 698 625 625 436 250 5 (8, 9] -2.80 308 -86 714 549 549 391 986 6 (9, 10] -2.57 381 -54 746 521 521 386 666 7 (10, 11] -2.35 421 -26 774 482 482 373 068 8 (11, 12] -2.14 389 -12 788 414 414 326 232 9 (12, 13] -1.94 450 26 826 400 400 330 400 10 (13, 14] -1.75 441 49 849 356 356 302 244 11 (14, 15] -1.57 457 81 881 330 330 290 730 12 (15, 16] -1.40 429 102 902 287 287 258 874 13 (16, 17] -1.24 424 132 932 260 260 242 320 14 (17, 18] -1.09 427 170 970 242 242 234 740 15 (18, 19] -0.95 350 171 971 188 187 182 548 16 (19, 20] -0.82 324 197 997 162 162 161 514 17 (20, 21] -0.70 305 230 1 030 144 144 148 320 18 (21, 22] -0.59 268 252 1 052 119 119 125 188 19 (22, 23] -0.49 223 266 1 066 93 93 99 138 20 (23, 24] -0.40 161 252 1 052 60 60 63 120 21 (24, 25] -0.32 152 301 1 101 56 56 61 656 22 (25, 26] -0.25 130 72 872 0 112 0 23 (26, 27] -0.19 93 62 862 0 81 0 24 (27, 28] -0.14 74 56 856 0 66 0 25 (28, 29] -0.10 50 49 849 0 45 0 26 (29, 30] -0.07 31 42 842 0 28 0 27 (30, 36] -0.05 83 32 832 0 81 0
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表 11 试验5的ki值
Table 11. Values of kiin test 5
i ki i ki i ki 1 -3.82 10 -3.28 19 -1.93 2 -3.80 11 -3.17 20 -1.73 3 -3.77 12 -3.05 21 -1.52 4 -3.73 13 -2.92 22 -1.30 5 -3.68 14 -2.78 23 -1.07 6 -3.62 15 -2.63 24 -0.83 7 -3.55 16 -2.47 25 -0.58 8 -3.47 17 -2.30 26 -0.32 9 -3.38 18 -2.12 27 -0.05
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表 12 试验5的优化结果
Table 12. Optimizing results of test 5
i 质量区间/t ki 原托运量/TEU 每标准箱价格变动/USD 每标准箱变动后价格/USD 实际载运量/TEU 变动后托运量/TEU 变动后收入/USD 1 (0, 5] -3.82 474 -134 666 985 985 656 010 2 (5, 6] -3.80 259 -125 675 736 736 496 800 3 (6, 7] -3.77 267 -112 688 689 689 474 032 4 (7, 8] -3.73 313 -93 707 661 661 467 327 5 (8, 9] -3.68 308 -81 719 607 607 436 433 6 (9, 10] -3.62 381 -58 742 593 593 440 006 7 (10, 11] -3.55 421 -40 760 562 562 427 120 8 (11, 12] -3.47 389 -31 769 496 496 381 424 9 (12, 13] -3.38 450 -8 792 478 478 378 576 10 (13, 14] -3.28 441 5 805 426 426 342 930 11 (14, 15] -3.17 457 21 821 389 389 319 369 12 (15, 16] -3.05 429 32 832 332 332 276 224 13 (16, 17] -2.92 424 46 846 289 289 244 494 14 (17, 18] -2.78 427 62 862 253 253 218 086 15 (18, 19] -2.63 350 64 864 181 181 156 384 16 (19, 20] -2.47 324 75 875 138 138 120 750 17 (20, 21] -2.30 305 88 888 102 102 90 576 18 (21, 22] -2.12 268 97 897 62 62 55 614 19 (22, 23] -1.93 223 104 904 22 22 19 888 20 (23, 24] -1.73 161 93 893 0 0 0 21 (24, 25] -1.52 152 100 900 0 0 0 22 (25, 26] -1.30 130 100 900 0 0 0 23 (26, 27] -1.07 93 87 887 0 0 0 24 (27, 28] -0.83 74 89 889 0 0 0 25 (28, 29] -0.58 50 86 886 0 0 0 26 (29, 30] -0.32 31 97 897 0 0 0 27 (30, 36] -0.05 83 -5 795 0 83 0
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表 13 二部定价运价
Table 13. Freights of two-part pricing
i 质量区间/t 基本运费率/ (USD·TEU-1) 偏重箱附加费率/ (USD·TEU-1) 总运费/USD 1 (0, 5] 666 — 666 2 (5, 6] 666 9 675 3 (6, 7] 666 22 688 4 (7, 8] 666 41 707 5 (8, 9] 666 53 719 6 (9, 10] 666 76 742 7 (10, 11] 666 94 760 8 (11, 12] 666 103 769 9 (12, 13] 666 126 792 10 (13, 14] 666 139 805 11 (14, 15] 666 155 821 12 (15, 16] 666 166 832 13 (16, 17] 666 180 846 14 (17, 18] 666 196 862 15 (18, 19] 666 198 864 16 (19, 20] 666 209 875 17 (20, 21] 666 222 888 18 (21, 22] 666 231 897 19 (22, 23] 666 238 904 20 (23, 24] 666 227 893 21 (24, 25] 666 234 900 22 (25, 26] 666 234 900 23 (26, 27] 666 221 887 24 (27, 28] 666 223 889 25 (28, 29] 666 220 886 26 (29, 30] 666 231 897 27 (30, 36] 666 129 795
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