隧道施工塌方风险评估与控制措施

王华牢; 李宁; 王皓

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2010.04.006

隧道施工塌方风险评估与控制措施

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2010.04.006

王华牢^{1, 2,},
李宁¹,
王皓³

1.
西安理工大学水利水电学院, 陕西西安 710048
2.
交通运输部公路科学研究院, 北京 100088
3.
陕西理工学院土木工程与建筑系, 陕西汉中 723001

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 50879068

详细信息

作者简介:
王华牢(1961-), 男, 陕西蒲城人, 交通运输部公路科学研究院教授级高级工程师, 工学博士, 从事公路隧道工程研究

中图分类号: U451.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-03-04
- 刊出日期: 2010-08-25

Risk assessment and control measures of collapse for tunnel construction

WANG Hua-lao^{1, 2
,},
LI Ning¹,
WANG Hao³

1.
School of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
2.
Research Institute of Highway of Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
3.
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, Shaanxi, China

More Information

Author Bio:
WANG Hua-lao(1961-), male, senior engineer, PhD, +86-10-82024238, hl.wang@rioh.cn

摘要

摘要: 为在施工前预防隧道塌方, 优化隧道设计, 以卧龙岗隧道施工塌方风险为研究对象, 对隧道初期支护进行了安全性分析, 明晰了诱发隧道塌方的风险因素, 结合隧道工程地质情况辨识了风险源, 采用层次分析法对风险源进行了重要性排序, 通过专家调查法对塌方风险发生的概率等级和风险损失等级进行了调查统计, 并运用风险矩阵法确定了塌方风险等级。分析结果表明: 初期支护及时封闭、临时支撑拆除时机、二次衬砌紧跟与爆破震动是塌方发生重要诱因, 卧龙岗隧道塌方风险等级为Ⅲ级, 风险等级较高。
- 隧道施工 /
- 塌方风险源 /
- 风险等级 /
- 安全评估 /
- 控制措施
Abstract: In order to prevent tunnel collapse and optimize tunnel design before tunnel construction, the collapse risk of Wolonggang Tunnel was taken as research object, the safety of tunnel primary shoring was analyzed, the risk factors of tunnel collapse were cleared, risk sources were identified combined with tunnel geology conditions, and analytic hierarchy process was used to rank the importantces of risk resources.The probability grades and risk loss grades were confirmed through expert investigation, and the grades of collapse risk were given by using risk matrix technique.Analysis result indicates that tunnel collapse inducements include the prompt closing of primary shoring, the removing occasion of temporary timbering, the close following of secondary lining and blasting concussion.The collapse risk grade of Wolonggang Tunnel is grade Ⅲ and is higher.
- tunnel construction /
- collapse risk source /
- risk grade /
- safety evaluation /
- control measure

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图 1 初期支护不同工况

Figure 1. Different conditions of primary shoring

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图 2 塌方风险评估流程

Figure 2. Process of collapse risk assessment

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图 3 塌方风险源辨识

Figure 3. Identification of collapse risk sources

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图 4 塌方风险概率等级

Figure 4. Probability grades of collapse risk

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图 5 塌方风险损失等级

Figure 5. Loss grades of collapse risk

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表 1 荷载分担比例

Table 1. Sharing proportions of loads

工况	荷载分担
1	初期支护闭合, 无临时支撑, 荷载分担比例分别为30%、100%
2	初期支护未闭合, 开挖两导洞, 荷载分担比例分别为15%、30%
3	初期支护未闭合, 拆掉临时支撑, 荷载分担比例为30%
4	初期支护闭合, 未拆掉临时支撑, 临时支撑间添加水平支撑, 荷载分担比例为30%
5	初期支护未封闭, 拆掉临时支撑, 荷载分担比例为30%
6	初期支护封闭后, 拆掉临时支撑, 荷载分担比例为30%

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表 2 衬砌材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters of tunnel lining

名称	弹性模量E/kPa	重度γ/(kN·m^-3)	面积A/m²	惯性矩I/m⁴
衬砌	2.3×10⁷	22	0.28	0.001 83

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表 3 模型材料力学参数

Table 3. Mechanical parameters of model material

围岩级别	变形模量/(kPa)	重度/(kN·m^-3)	泊松比	计算摩擦角/(°)
Ⅴ级	1.5×10⁶	18	0.4	42

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表 4 计算结果对比

Table 4. Comparison of numerical results

工况		荷载分担比例/%	弯矩/(kN·m)	轴力/kN	安全系数
1		30	110.7	1 130.3	2.28
1		100	353.7	3 664.9	0.72
2		15	119.8	492.1	1.21
2		30	227.3	949.2	0.64
3		30	201.2	1 051.4	0.85
4		30	113.0	1 115.3	2.22
5	未拆撑	30	241.7	969.0	0.59
5	已拆撑	30	201.0	1 052.5	0.86
6	未拆撑	30	107.9	1 122.6	2.35
6	已拆撑	30	98.4	1 141.3	2.59

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表 5 塌方风险判断矩阵

Table 5. Judgment matrix of collapse risk

塌方	爆破震动过大	超前支护不及时	初期支护未及时封闭	监控量测不及时	浅埋、偏压	二衬未紧跟	临时支撑一次拆除时机
爆破震动过大	1.00	0.33	0.14	3.00	0.17	0.33	0.20
超前支护不到位	3.00	1.00	0.25	4.00	0.33	3.00	0.33
初期支护未及时封闭	7.00	4.00	1.00	7.00	3.00	5.00	4.00
监控量测不及时	0.33	0.25	0.14	1.00	0.14	0.33	0.25
浅埋、偏压	6.00	3.00	0.33	7.00	1.00	5.00	3.00
二衬未紧跟	3.00	0.33	0.20	3.00	0.20	1.00	0.33
临时支撑一次拆除时机	5.00	3.00	0.25	4.00	0.33	3.00	1.00

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表 6 一致性检验

Table 6. Consistency check

塌方	W_i	(AW)_i	(AW)_i/(nW_i)
爆破震动过大	0.04	0.31	1.11
超前支护不到位	0.10	0.77	1.10
初期支护未及时封闭	0.37	2.94	1.14
监控量测不及时	0.03	0.22	1.05
浅埋、偏压	0.24	1.92	1.14
二衬未紧跟	0.07	0.49	1.00
临时支撑一次拆除时机	0.15	1.16	1.10
λ_max			7.64

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