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摘要: 分析了驾驶人视野注视点的移动规律, 研究了空间视野范围内的视野水平角, 给出了车速与视野和注视距离的关系, 提出了空间视野感知模型。结合道路中心线与平行线三维坐标计算方程, 建立了驾驶人空间视野感知模型的计算方法。通过计算机模拟实际场景, 对5位受试者分别进行了4次测试, 得到了722段组合数据和3585个速度数据, 对模型进行了验证。研究结果表明: 预测结果与实测结果吻合率大于70%, 不明显效果率低于20%, 错误效果率低于10%。该模型仿真效果明显, 算法易于实现。Abstract: The movement rule of drivers' visual gaze points was analyzed, the horizontal visual angle of spatial vision range was studied, the relationship among speed, vision and gaze distance was established, and a perception model of driver spatial vision was proposed.According to the 3D coordinate equations of road centerline and parallel, a calculation method of spatial vision perception model was put forward.In order to test and verify the model, 5 participants carried out four different tests to obtain 722 combination data and 3 585 speed data through simulating actual scene.Study result shows that the coincidence rate between prediction result and experimental result is more than 70%, the unconspicuous effect rate is less than 20%, and the error effect rate is less than 10%.So the model has a good simulation effect, and its calculation approach is easy to be realized.
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Key words:
- traffic simulation /
- spatial vision /
- perception model /
- visual gaze point
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表 1 车速与视野和注视距离的关系
Table 1. Relation among speed, vision and gaze distance
车辆速度/ (km·h-1) 0 40 60 80 100 120 视野/ (°) 170 100 86 60 40 22 注视距离/m 80 180 355 377 564 710 
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表 2 各级公路停车视距
Table 2. Stopping sight distances of all class highways
等级 高速公路与一级公路 二~四级公路 设计速度/ (km·h-1) 120 100 80 60 80 60 40 30 20 停车视距/m 210 160 110 75 110 75 40 30 20
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表 3 试验路段组合数
Table 3. Combination numbers of experimental sections
纵断面线形(坡度或类型) 平曲线半径/m 直线 > 800 600~800 400~600 300~400 < 300 总数 0~5% 2 2 3 2 1 1 11 -5%~0 3 2 1 1 2 1 10 凸曲线 3 2 3 1 2 1 12 凹曲线 2 2 2 2 1 1 10 总数 10 8 9 6 6 4 43
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表 4 试验结果
Table 4. Test results
试验参数 试验组合数 完全吻合段数 出现不明显效果段数 出现错误效果段数 速度采集数据总数 完全吻合速度数 出现不明显效果速度数 出现错误效果速度数 数量 722 554 122 46 3 585 2 544 683 358 百分比/% 100.00 76.73 16.90 6.37 100.00 70.96 19.06 9.98
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