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摘要: 基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论, 分析了25t轴载外径向臂径向转向架的结构特点和受力特性, 建立了货车-轨道空间耦合动力学模型, 并编制电算程序对外径向臂径向转向架和普通三大件转向架进行了车辆横向运动稳定性、直线运行和曲线通过性能仿真分析。分析发现: 对普通三大件转向架加装外径向臂, 可使转向架稳定性提高10%以上, 轮轨磨耗降低40%以上, 轮轨横向力降低20%以上。Abstract: On the basis of the theory of vehicle-track coupling dynamics, the structural and forced features of 25 t axle load steering bogie with radial arm were analyzed, a freight car-track coupling dynamics model was set up, and the lateral stability and the dynamics performances of rectilinear running and curve negotiation of the car were simulated to compare with conventional three-piece bogie. It is pointed that the lateral stability of conventional three-piece bogie with radial arm increases by above 10%, wheel-track abrasion decreases by above 40%, and wheel-track force decreases by above 20%.
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表 1 车辆-轨道系统模型自由度
Table 1. Freedom degrees of vehicle-track system
自由度 纵向 横移 沉浮 侧滚 摇头 点头 车体 Yc Zc φc ψc βc 摇枕(j=1, 2) φBj ψBj 侧架(k=1, 2) Xt(L, R)k Yt(L, R)k Zt(L, R)k ψt(L, R)k βt(L, R)k 轮对(i=1~4) Ywi Zwi φwi ψwi βwi 钢轨 Yr(L, R) Zr(L, R) φr(L, R) 轨枕 Ys Zs φs 道床 Zb(L, R) 
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表 2 车辆临界速度
Table 2. Critical speeds of vehicles
车辆类型 普通三大件转向架车辆 外径向臂径向转向架车辆 空车 重车 空车 重车 临界速度/(km·h-1) 132 175 145 200
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表 3 车辆直线运行仿真结果
Table 3. Rectilinear running simulation results of vehicles
工况 横向力/kN 垂向力/kN 脱轨系数 轮重减载率 轮对横向加速度/g 轮对垂向加速度/g 径向臂拉压力/kN 空车 三大件转向架 18.66 67.4 0.410 4 0.920 5 2.043 1.638 径向转向架 15.99 67.5 0.347 7 0.984 1 1.164 1.641 3.04 重车 三大件转向架 34.80 168.4 0.308 5 0.390 9 1.304 2.370 径向转向架 34.99 168.8 0.303 3 0.396 0 1.267 1.874 3.95
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