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摘要: 在考虑翻新轮胎主体结构及多元复合材料结合性能基础上, 应用复合材料层合结构和有限元大变形理论, 构建了11R22.5载重车辆翻新轮胎的力学模型、几何模型及有限元模型, 通过轮胎承载性能试验, 对翻新轮胎的承载变形特性进行了仿真分析和试验研究, 并与同品牌、同型号新轮胎进行了对比分析。根据翻新轮胎承载变形特性变化规律, 修正了翻新子午线轮胎变形理论计算公式。分析结果表明: 当充气压力一定时, 随着载荷的增大, 载重车辆翻新轮胎径向变形、侧向变形、接地长度及接地面积均增大, 变形规律近似线性, 而径向刚度变化不大; 当载荷一定时, 随着充气压力的增大, 其径向变形、侧向变形、接地长度及接地面积均减小, 而径向刚度逐渐增大。研究得出翻新轮胎胎体弹性模量较新轮胎胎体大, 且两者之差越大, 说明翻新轮胎的胎体老化程度越高, 其剩余使用寿命越低, 据此可有利于对翻新轮胎胎体老化程度进行预测。Abstract: Considering the main structure and combined performance of multiple composites for renovation tire, the mechanics model, geometric model and finite element model of renovation tire for 11R22.5 loading vehicle were set up, the simulation analysis and experimental research of its deformation characteristics were conducted by using composite laminated structures and finite element large deformation theory, and the same brand and same model new tire was compared. The deformation theory formula of renovation radial tire was amended based on the loading deformation characteristic rules of renovation tire. Analysis result indicates that when inflation pressure is certain, the radial deformation, lateral deformation, grounding length and contact area of renovation tire increase with load increase, its deformations are almost linear, while its radial stiffness hardly changes. When load is certain, the radial deformation, lateral deformation, grounding length and contact area decrease with inflation pressure increase, while its radial stiffness increases. The elastic modulus of renovation tire's carcass is bigger than the one of new tire's carcass. The greater the modulus difference between the two carcass is, the higher the aging degree of renovation tire's carcass is, the lower its remaining service life is, which benefits for predicting the aging properties of renovation tire's carcass.
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图 3 自由充气工况轮胎有限元模型
Figure 3. Finite element model of tire under free inflatable condition
图 4 垂直载荷工况轮胎有限元模型
Figure 4. Finite element model of tire under vertical load condition
图 5 加载变形测试系统
1-加力机; 2-待测轮胎; 3-径向标尺; 4-侧向标尺; 5-平板; 6-支架1;7-工作平台; 8-支架2;9-半轴套管; 10-胎压计; 11-空气压缩机
Figure 5. Loading deformation test system
图 6 自由充气工况下求解收敛曲线
Figure 6. Solving convergence curves under free inflatable condition
图 10 自由充气工况变形曲线对比
Figure 10. Comparison of deformation curves under free inflatable condition
图 17 翻新轮胎径向变形曲线对比
Figure 17. Comparison of radial deformation curves for renovation tire
图 18 翻新轮胎侧向变形曲线对比
Figure 18. Comparison of lateral deformation curves for renovation tire
图 19 翻新轮胎与新轮胎径向变形曲线对比
Figure 19. Comparison of radial deformation curves for renovation tire and new tire
图 20 翻新轮胎与新轮胎侧向变形曲线对比
Figure 20. Comparison of lateral deformation curves for renovation tire and new tire
图 21 翻新轮胎与新轮胎接地长度曲线对比
Figure 21. Comparison of ground length curves for renovation tire and new tire
图 22 翻新轮胎与新轮胎接地面积曲线对比
Figure 22. Comparison of ground area curves for renovation tire and new tire
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