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摘要: 分析了国际民航组织标准排放量模型, 推导了各阶段飞行时间、推力、燃油流量等参数的计算公式, 以替代ICAO标准排放量模型的飞行时间与燃油流量。考虑了大气环境与飞行参数的影响, 给出了各种污染物的排放指数修正模型, 以计算各个飞行阶段的排放参数。以B737-800飞机执飞“西安—烟台”航线为例, 在空中交通仿真平台上运用Delphi编程计算了航班飞行各阶段的污染物排放量, 分析了污染物排放量的变化情况。计算结果表明: CO2与NOx的排放主要集中在航路飞行阶段, CO与HC的排放主要集中在机场滑行阶段, 4种污染物排放量从大到小的顺序依次为CO2、NOx、CO与HC, 计算结果与相同条件下ICAO参考值相差绝对值不超过1%。Abstract: ICAO standard emission model was analyzed. The equations of parameters, such as flight time, thrust, fuel flow and so on, were induced. Flight time and fuel flow could be replaced by the equations in the model. The influence of atmosphere and flight parameters was considered, the calibrated emission index models of various pollutes were introduced, and the emission parameters in different flight phases were calculated. As the flight example of B737-800 from Xi'an to Yantai, the pollution emissions were calculated by Delphi on VEATE, and the variation rules of pollution emissions were analyzed. The result shows that the emissions of CO2 and NOx mainly appear in cruise phase, and the emissions of CO and HC occur in taxiing phase. The emissions of the four pollutes above are CO2, NOx, CO and HC in the decreasing sequence. The absolute errors between the calculation values and the reference values of ICAO are less than 1%.
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Key words:
- air transportation /
- emission of aircraft /
- environmental pollution /
- flight dynamics /
- fuel flow
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表 1 LTO参数
Table 1. Parameters of LTO
飞行阶段 起飞 爬升 进近着陆 滑行 时间/min 0.7 2.2 4.0 26.0 推力等级/% 100 85 30 7 
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表 2 基准排放指数
Table 2. Basic emission indexes
飞行阶段 燃油流量/ (kg·s-1) CO排放指数 HC排放指数 NOx排放指数 CO2排放指数 起飞 1.221 0.000 2 0.000 1 0.028 8 3.115 爬升 0.999 0.000 6 0.000 1 0.022 5 3.115 进近着陆 0.338 0.001 6 0.000 1 0.010 8 3.115 滑行 0.113 0.018 8 0.001 9 0.004 7 3.115
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表 3 关键点参数
Table 3. Parameters of key points
时间/s 径度/ (°) 纬度/ (°) 表速/ (m·s-1) 质量/kg 高度/m 航向/ (°) 飞机状态 1 020 108.74 34.41 0 70 000 36 230 滑出机坪 1 079 108.75 34.44 71 69 825 36 228 离开地面 1 201 108.72 34.49 92 69 516 1 038 18 1 000 m高度 1 640 108.95 35.08 144 68 553 6 181 19 过YIJ台 2 306 109.45 36.28 136 67 500 10 700 19 开始平飞 2 471 109.59 36.60 136 67 340 10 700 19 过YU台 5 980 117.35 39.08 136 63 999 10 700 102 过CG台 6 589 118.65 38.52 136 63 434 10 700 119 过P254台 6 710 118.91 38.42 136 63 322 10 700 116 过P253台 7 013 119.54 38.11 136 63 043 10 700 121 过P07台 7 077 119.67 38.05 136 62 984 10 700 120 开始下降 7 547 120.54 37.66 144 62 845 4 500 119 过HCH台 7 953 121.15 37.46 113 62 688 1 500 112 过FZ台 8 020 121.17 37.40 106 62 675 1 002 186 1 000 m高度 8 159 121.15 37.28 92 62 582 720 186 过点D 8 216 121.19 37.25 92 62 533 720 114 过点C 8 314 121.27 37.29 92 62 449 720 44 切盲降 8 507 121.36 37.39 65 62 411 2 38 接地着陆 9 047 121.36 37.34 0 62 404 2 54 滑入机坪
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表 4 污染物排放量计算结果对比
Table 4. Comparison of pollution emission data
项目 耗时/s 油耗/kg 污染物排放量/kg CO HC NOx CO2 计算结果 1 966 880.7 6.984 0.725 12.189 2 743.5 ICAO模型 1 974 882.0 7.066 0.722 12.298 2 744.6 相对误差/% -0.41 -0.15 -1.16 0.35 -0.89 -0.04
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表 5 飞行阶段污染物排放量对比
Table 5. Comparison of pollution emission quantities in different filght phases
飞行阶段 耗时/s 油耗/kg 污染物排放量/kg CO HC NOx CO2 滑出机坪 1 020 257.6 4.364 0.441 0.933 802.5 起飞阶段 59 175.5 0.032 0.016 3.889 546.5 起飞爬升 122 308.1 0.057 0.028 6.861 959.9 航路飞行 6 819 7 067.8 10.750 1.328 102.000 22 016.1 进近着陆 225 44.6 0.766 0.077 0.162 139.0 滑入机坪 540 94.9 1.606 0.162 0.343 295.6
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