Effects of vehicle speed and traffic sign text height on drivers' visual search patterns
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摘要: 在试验场的直线路段上模拟简单交通环境, 将车速和标志文字高度作为控制变量, 用眼动仪测录了7名受试驾驶人水平和垂直方向的视角与注视持续时间。用方差分析方法对试验数据进行分析, 研究了车速与标志文字高度对驾驶人视觉搜索广度、注视持续行为及视角分布的影响。分析结果表明: 车速及标志文字高度对驾驶人的视觉搜索广度的影响不显著, 车速的F检验统计量为2.99, 小于检验临界值3.55, 各车速条件下, 字高的F检验统计量也均小于检验临界值3.55;驾驶人的平均注视时间随车速及标志文字高度的变化不大, 2种因素的F检验统计量分别为0.09和1.20, 均小于检验临界值3.17;驾驶人对道路中心区域的注视频率最高, 各条件下驾驶人注视道路中心区域的百分比均超过60%, 尤其是较多地关注道路左侧区域及距车辆较近的区域; 车速的提高使得驾驶人对远处区域的注视逐渐增多。Abstract: The simple traffic environment in experimental field on linear section was simulated. Vehicle speed and traffic sign text height were taken as controlled variables. Eye movement data, such as horizontal and vertical visual angles and gazing times (fixation duration) were collected from 7 participant drivers by using eye movement tracking device. The effects of vehicle speed and traffic sign text height on the experimental data, such as the variances of visual search, fixation duration and visual angular dispersion were explored by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Analysis result indicates that vehicle speed and traffic sign text height have little significant effect on drivers' visual search extents. The F value of vehicle speed is 2.99, which is less than the critical test value 3.55, and the F value of traffic sign text height is also less than 3.55. Drivers' mean fixation durations are effected slightly by vehicle speed and traffic sign text height, and the F values of the two factors (0.09 and 1.20) are less than the critical test value 3.17. Drivers fixate mostly on road centre area, and all drivers' percent fixating on road centre under different experiment conditions exceeds 60%, and especially the areas on the left side and closer to vehicle. Drivers spread their fixations to the far side gradually with the increase of vehicle speed.
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Key words:
- cognitive psychology /
- driver /
- eye movement /
- visual search pattern /
- vehicle speed /
- traffic sign text height
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图 3 车速及字高因素对注视次数的影响
Figure 3. Effects of vehicle speed and text height on numbers of fixation
图 4 不同条件下水平方向视角在各区域分布频率
Figure 4. Distribution frequencies of horizontal visual angles in each zone under different experiment conditions
图 6 水平方向视角在左中右区域分布频率
Figure 6. Distribution frequencies of horizontal visual angles in left, median and right zones
图 7 不同试验条件下的视线分布频率
Figure 7. Distribution frequencies of visual lines under different experiment conditions
图 8 不同试验条件下左右边侧的注视频率
Figure 8. Fixation frequencies on left and right sides of road under different experiment conditions
图 9 各条件下驾驶人PRC的变化
Figure 9. Change of drivers'PRCs under different experiment conditions
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