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摘要: 分析了高速公路出入口区域交通流特性及事故原因, 以车辆临界减速度和不安全度为基础, 将危险程度由二维矢量转化为一维标量, 提出了以制动减速度和不安全密度指数作为出入口区域行车风险评价指标, 建立了行车风险评价模型。根据安全风险管理规定与人机工程学原理, 确定了风险等级和评价标准; 基于大量试验数据, 提出了高速公路出入口区域主线行车控制标准建议值。分析结果表明: 不限速时, 整个出口区域行车风险处于中等; 限速为65 km.h-1时, 出口区域行车风险均降至低等, 出口区域平均风险值最小, 不安全密度指数峰值从0.112减小到0.064, 下降了42.86%;限速分别为55、50 km.h-1时, 出口区域行车风险反而增至高等, 不安全密度指数峰值分别为0.125和0.121。可见, 限速65 km.h-1的措施最有效。Abstract: The traffic flow characteristics and accident reasons in the passageway areas of freeway were analyzed.Based on vehicle critical deceleration and unsafe degree, risk level was changed from two dimensional vector to one dimensional scalar.Braking decelerations and unsafe density indexes were put forward as the driving risk evaluation indexes of passageway areas, and a driving risk evaluation model was established.According to safety risk management regulations and human-mechanism engineering theory, risk grades and evaluation standards were dertermined.On the basis of many experiment data, the suggested values of main line driving control standards in passageway areas of freeway were proposed.Analysis result shows that when speed is not limited, the driving risk of outlet area is middle.When speed is limited at 65 km·h-1, the driving risk of outlet area is low, and the average risk value is smallest.The peak value of unsafe density index reduces from 0.112 to 0.064, and decreases about 42.86%.When speeds are limited at 55, 50 km·h-1, the risk of outlet area is high, and the peak values of unsafe density indexes rise to 0.125 and 0.121 respectively.Obviously, the limit measure of 65 km·h-1 is most effective.
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Key words:
- traffic safety /
- passageway areas /
- driving risk /
- braking deceleration /
- unsafe density index /
- speed limit /
- traffic simulation
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图 1 车速-交通量-不安全密度指数三维曲面
Figure 1. Three-dimensinal surfaces of speeds, traffic volumes and unsafe density indexes
表 1 行车风险等级
Table 1. Driving risk grades
表 2 不安全密度指数
Table 2. Unsafe density indexes
m·s-2 
表 3 车速控制标准建议值
Table 3. Suggested values of speed control standard
km·h-1 
表 4 交通量控制标准建议值
Table 4. Suggested values of traffic volume control standard
veh·h-1 
表 5 ud的计算结果
Table 5. Calculation result of ud
m·s-2 
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