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摘要: 利用轮轨型面测量仪测量了SS4机车JM3型磨耗车轮型面和小半径曲线钢轨型面, 采用样条曲线拟合方法获得了车轮几何型面, 选取5种不同磨耗程度的车轮型面, 建立了三维轮轨接触有限元模型, 计算了轮轨接触斑面积和接触应力。计算结果表明: Ⅰ型车轮与磨耗钢轨接触时, 接触斑面积最小, 仅为183 mm2, Von Mises应力最大值为1 459 MPa, 应力主要集中在轮缘根部; Ⅱ型车轮与磨耗钢轨接触时, 接触斑面积为294 mm2; Ⅲ型车轮与磨耗钢轨接触时, 接触斑面积明显增大, Von Mises应力最大值为1 137 MPa, 应力分布比较均匀, 轮缘磨耗减缓; Ⅳ型车轮与磨耗钢轨接触时, Von Mises应力最大值为890 MPa; Ⅴ型车轮与磨耗钢轨接触时, Von Mises应力最大值为953 MPa, 但轮缘磨耗已到极限。Abstract: The wear wheel profile of JM3 type of SS4 locomotive and the profile of rail with small radius curve were measured by using wheel/rail instrument, and wheel geometric profiles were obtained by using spline curve fitting method. Five different degrees of wheel profiles were chosen, a 3D wheel/rail contact finite element model was built, and wheel/rail contact plaque areas and contact stresses were calculated. Calculation result indicates that when Ⅰ type wheel contacts with wear rail, contact plaque area is smallest, only 183 mm2. The maximum Von Mises stress is 1 459 MPa, and contact stress mainly concentrates wheel flange root. WhenⅡtype wheel contacts with wear rail, contact plaque area is 294 mm2. When Ⅲ type wheel contacts with wear rail, contact plaque area increases significantly. The maximum Von Mises stress is 1 137 MPa, contact stress distribution is relatively uniform, and flange wear slows down. When Ⅳ type wheel contacts with wear rail, the maximum Von Mises stress is 890 MPa, When Ⅴ type wheel contacts with wear rail, the maximum Von Mises stress is 953 MPa, but flange wear has reached limit state.
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图 2 机车轮缘厚度与运行里程的关系
Figure 2. Relationship between flange thickness and running distance for locomotive
图 8 轮缘磨耗与接触斑面积的关系
Figure 8. Relationships between wheel flange wears and contact plaque areas
表 1 轮轨材料参数
Table 1. Wheel/rail material parameters
v σs/MPa Ee/GPa Ep/GPa 0.3 615 210 17.25 
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