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摘要: 建立了某高速列车车体有限元模型, 采用Guyan缩减进行模态求解, 结合SIMPACK多体动力学软件建立包含弹性车体的系统动力学模型。运用模型分析了车体弹性模态对运行平稳性的影响, 研究了弹性车体与转向架构架垂向耦合振动。分析结果表明: 当车体垂向一阶弯曲频率与车体点头振动空响应点频率接近时, 会发生车体的垂向弹性共振; 当车体菱形变形弯曲频率高于9 Hz, 垂向一阶弯曲频率高于10 Hz时, 车体弹性对运行平稳性影响不大; 该高速列车转向架一系悬挂垂向刚度与车体垂向一阶弯曲频率匹配合适, 即使构架浮沉及点头频率与车体垂向一阶弯曲频率接近, 也不会发生弹性车体与构架的共振现象。Abstract: A finite element model of car body for a high-speed train was built, and the modal parameters were calculated by using Guyan reduction method. A system dynamics model including flexible car body was established by using multi-body dynamics software SIMPACK. The influence of car body elastic mode on riding quality was analyzed based on the model, and the vertical coupled vibration between flexible car body and bogie frame was studied. Analysis result shows that when the first vertical bending frequency of car body closes to the null nod response frequency of car body, the vertical flexible resonance of car body will happen. When the diagonal distortion frequency is higher than 9 Hz, and first vertical bending frequency is higher than 10 Hz, car body flexibility almost has no effect on riding quality. The primary suspension vertical stiffness of bogie for the train matches with the first vertical bending frequency of car body, even if frame bounce and nod frequencies coincide with the first vertical bending frequency, there will not have the flexible resonance of car body and bogie.
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Key words:
- high-speed train /
- flexible car body /
- coupled vibration /
- modal parameter /
- riding quality /
- SIMPACK software
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图 3 车体加速度功率谱密度
Figure 3. Power spectrum densities of car bodies & apos; vibration accelerations
图 5 垂向一阶弯曲频率对垂向平稳性影响
Figure 5. Influences of first vertical bending frequency on vertical riding qualities
图 6 横向一阶弯曲频率对横向平稳性影响
Figure 6. Influences of first lateral bending frequency on lateral riding qualities
图 7 菱形变形模态频率对平稳性的影响
Figure 7. Influences of diagonal distortion modal frequency on riding qualities
图 8 一系悬挂垂向刚度与构架浮沉和点头频率的关系
Figure 8. Relationship among primary suspension vertical stiffness, bogie bounce and nod frequencies
图 9 构架浮沉及点头频率对运行平稳性影响
Figure 9. Influences of bogie bounce and nod frequencies on riding qualities
表 1 弹性振动模态及振型
Table 1. Elastic vibration modalities and modes
阶数 有限元计算结果/Hz Guyan缩减计算结果/Hz 振型 1 10.876 10.932 菱形变形 2 13.106 13.436 垂向一阶弯曲 3 14.405 14.846 呼吸模态 4 14.890 15.013 一阶扭转 5 17.191 17.355 横向一阶弯曲 6 21.297 21.418 垂向二阶弯曲 
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