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摘要: 应用流体动力学理论, 建立了高速列车空气动力学模型, 计算了作用于高速列车车体上的气动力和气动力矩; 应用多体动力学理论, 建立了车辆系统动力学模型, 分析了在不同风向角、侧偏角与合成风速下高速列车头车车体和轮对的运行姿态。计算结果表明: 在不同侧风环境下, 头车车体始终向背风侧横摆和侧滚; 当风向角为90°时, 车体的横向位移和侧滚角最大; 当列车车速为350 km.h-1, 侧风风速分别为13.8、32.6 m.s-1时, 列车头车车体最大横向位移分别为74.2、171.7 mm, 最大侧滚角分别为3.1°和8.4°; 当列车车速为200 km.h-1, 风速不小于32.6 m.s-1, 且风向角为90°时, 列车头车一、二位轮对均向背风侧横移, 背风侧车轮易发生爬轨现象, 三、四位轮对均向迎风侧横移, 三位轮对迎风侧车轮易发生爬轨现象; 四位轮对的横移量和摇头角均小于前三位轮对, 相对安全。Abstract: The aerodynamics model of high-speed train was established by using fluid dynamics theory, and the aerodynamic forces and aerodynamic moments acting on the car body of high-speed train were calculated. Vehicle system dynamics model was established by using multi-body dynamics theory, and the running attitudes of front car body and wheelset for high-speed train under different wind directions, side slip angles and synthetic wind speeds were analyzed. Calculation result indicates that under different cross wind conditions, front car body always traverses and rolls toward the leeward side. When wind direction is 90°, the lateral displacement and roll angle of front car body always are biggest. When train speed is 350 km·h-1, cross wind speeds are 13.8, 32.6 m·s-1 respectively, the maximum lateral displacements of car body are 74. 2, 171. 7 mm respectively, and the maximum rolling angles are 3.1° and 8.4° respectively. When train speed is 200 km·h-1, cross wind speed is more than 32.6 m·s-1, and wind direction is 90°, the first and second wheelsets of front car traverse toward the leeward side, and the wheels on the leeward side have climbing track phenomenon. The third and fourth wheelsets traverse toward the windward side, and on the windward side, the third wheelset has climbing track phenomenon. The lateral displacement and yaw angle of the fourth wheelset are less than those of former three wheelsets, and the fourth wheelset is relatively safe.
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Key words:
- high-speed train /
- aerodynamics /
- system dynamics /
- cross wind /
- car body /
- wheelset /
- running attitude
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图 5 最大横向位移和最大垂向位移
Figure 5. Maximum lateral displacements and maximum vertical displacements
图 6 最大侧滚角、最大点头角和最大摇头角
Figure 6. Maximum roll angles, maximum pitch angles and maximum yaw angles
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