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摘要: 根据路段行程车速的随机分布特征, 分析了已有线控系统相位差优化方法的局限性。以路段行程时间、车辆延误和排队长度为评价指标, 利用信息熵理论和多属性综合决策方法设计了线控系统相位差优化算法, 并进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明: 当路段行程车速的方差从5 km.h-1增大到10 km.h-1后, 由西向东车流的行程时间、车辆延误和排队长度分别从98.4 s、13.5 s.pcu-1和9.1 pcu增大到115.5 s、15.9 s.pcu-1和12.3 pcu, 由东向西车流的行程时间、车辆延误和排队长度分别从99.4 s、13.5 s.pcu-1和9.2 pcu增大到108.7 s、14.3 s.pcu-1和10.8 pcu。可见, 路段行程车速的随机分布特性对相位差的设置有显著影响, 利用本文建立的模型可得到最优相位差。Abstract: Based on the random distribution characteristic of link travel speed, the limitations of phase difference optimization methods for the existed arterial control systems were analyzed. Link travel time, vehicle delay and queue length were taken as evaluation indexes, the phase difference optimization algorithm of arterial control system was designed by using information entropy theory and multi-attribute synthetic decision method, and a simulation calculation was carried out. Calculation result indicates that when the variance of link travel speed increases from 5 km·h-1 to 10 km·h-1, link travel speed, vehicle delay and queue length of west-to-east traffic flow increase from 98.4 s, 13.5 s·pcu-1 and 9.1 pcu to 115.5 s, 15.9 s·pcu-1 and 12.3 pcu respectively. Link travel speed, vehicle delay and queue length of east-to-west traffic flow increase from 99.4 s, 13.5 s·pcu-1 and 9.2 pcu to 108.7 s, 14.3 s·pcu-1 and 10.8 pcu respectively. So, the random distribution characteristic of link travel speed has an obvious effect on settings of phase difference, and the optimal phase difference can be obtained by using the proposed model.
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表 1 交叉口交通量
Table 1. Traffic volumes of intersections pcu·h-1
方向 东 西 南 北 交叉口1 1 200 400 400 交叉口2 400 400 交叉口3 1 100 400 400 
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表 2 结果对比
Table 2. Comparison of results
方向 参数 行程车速为40 km·h-1 行程车速方差为5 km·h-1 行程车速方差为10 km·h-1 运行结果 偏差/% 运行结果 偏差/% 西→东 行程时间/s 93.5 98.4 5.2 115.5 23.5 车辆延误/(s·pcu-1) 14.0 13.5 -3.6 15.9 13.6 排队长度/pcu 8.9 9.1 2.2 12.3 38.2 交叉口1→交叉口2 行程时间/s 36.9 38.2 3.5 46.7 26.6 车辆延误/(s·pcu-1) 15.9 13.9 -12.6 16.2 1.9 排队长度/pcu 7.8 8.3 6.4 9.9 26.9 交叉口2→交叉口3 行程时间/s 55.8 60.2 7.9 68.8 23.2 车辆延误/(s·pcu-1) 8.4 6.7 -20.2 8.9 5.9 排队长度/pcu 11.0 12.4 12.7 14.8 34.5 东→西 行程时间/s 92.9 99.4 7.0 108.7 17.0 车辆延误/(s·pcu-1) 11.6 13.5 16.4 14.3 23.2 排队长度/pcu 8.4 9.2 9.5 10.8 28.6 交叉口3→交叉口2 行程时间/s 53.7 59.2 10.2 64.5 20.1 车辆延误/(s·pcu-1) 15.5 15.2 -1.9 16.9 9.0 排队长度/pcu 10.7 12.0 12.1 12.9 20.6 交叉口2→交叉口1 行程时间/s 38.6 40.4 4.7 44.2 14.5 车辆延误/(s·pcu-1) 11.9 11.3 -5.0 13.4 12.6 排队长度/pcu 7.5 7.9 5.3 9.6 28.0
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