重载列车制动管路对制动性能的影响

摘要: 应用流体动力学理论, 建立了重载列车制动管路模型与分配阀模型, 求解了制动管路和边界点的动力学方程, 仿真计算了制动过程中的制动系统性能, 分析了列车主管和支管长度对制动系统性能的影响。分析结果表明: 当列车主管长度由13.24 m增大为17.24 m时, 在常用制动下, 列车管路减压时间增大了30.75%, 制动缸升压时间增大了20.45%, 主管长度对常用制动的影响要强于对紧急制动的影响; 当列车支管长度由0.50 m增大到5.00 m时, 在常用制动下, 列车管路减压时间增大了6.63%, 制动缸升压时间增大了5.22%, 支管长度对常用制动和紧急制动影响程度差别不大。列车制动管路长度增大降低了列车制动管路减压速度与制动缸升压速度; 列车主管长度对制动性能的影响要明显大于列车支管长度的影响, 车辆位置距机车越远影响越明显。
- 重载列车 /
- 制动系统 /
- 空气制动 /
- 制动管路 /
- 主管 /
- 支管 /
- 气体流动 /
- 制动性能 /
- 模拟
Abstract: With fluid dynamics theory, the models of braking pipe and distributing valve for heavy haul train were built, the equations of braking pipe and boundary point were solved, the braking system performances in braking process were simulated, and the influence of the lengths of main pipe and branch pipe on the braking performances was analyzed.Analysis result shows that under common braking, when the length of main pipe increases from 13.24 m to 17.24 m, the decompression time of braking pipe increases by 30.75%, and the boost time of braking cylinder increases by 20.45%.The influence of main pipe on common braking is even stronger than that of main pipe on emergency braking.Under common braking, when the length of branch pipe increases from 0.50 m to 5.00 m, the decompression time of braking pipe increases by 6.63%, and the boost time of braking cylinder increases by 5.22%.The influence of branch pipe on common braking is almost same for that of branch pipe on emergency braking.The increase length of braking pipe reduces the decompression speed of braking pipe and the boost speed of braking cylinder.The influence of the length of main pipe is stronger than that of branch pipe, and the influence becomes obviously with the increase of the distance between car and locomotive.
- heavy haul train /
- braking system /
- air braking /
- braking pipe /
- main pipe /
- branch pipe /
- air flow /
- braking performance /
- simulation

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图 1 车辆制动系统模型

Figure 1. Model of vehicle braking system

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图 2 常用制动下主管减压性能

Figure 2. Decompression performances of main pipes under common braking

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图 3 减压时间

Figure 3. Decompression time

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图 4 常用制动下不同主管长度时的制动缸压力曲线

Figure 4. Braking cylinder pressure curves for different main pipe lengths under common braking

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图 5 紧急制动下主管减压性能

Figure 5. Decompression performances of main pipes under emergency braking

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图 6 紧急制动下不同主管长度时的制动缸压力曲线

Figure 6. Braking cylinder pressure curves for different main pipe lengths under emergency braking

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图 7 常用制动下支管减压性能

Figure 7. Decompression performances of branch pipes under common braking

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图 8 常用制动下不同支管长度时的制动缸压力曲线

Figure 8. Braking cylinder pressure curves for different branch pipe lengths under common braking

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图 9 紧急制动下支管减压性能

Figure 9. Decompression performances of branch pipes under emergency braking

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图 10 紧急制动下不同支管长度时的制动缸压力曲线

Figure 10. Braking cylinder pressure curves for different branch pipe lengths under emergency braking

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