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摘要: 应用多体系统动力学理论, 建立了车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型, 利用新型显式积分法求解动力学方程组, 利用赫兹非线性弹性接触理论计算轮轨法向力, 利用沈氏理论计算轮轨蠕滑力, 编写了车辆-轨道耦合动力学计算程序, 研究了轨道结构对高速列车动力学性能的影响, 分析了不同横风环境下高速列车动力学性能和列车姿态。研究结果表明: 当列车运行速度为350 km·h-1, 横风速度为15 m·s-1时, 车体最大横向加速度为0.45 m·s-2, 车体最大垂向位移为24.5 mm, 车体向背风侧横移80.0 mm, 车体最大侧滚角为2.23°; 一位轮对的最大轮重减载率接近0.80, 二、四位轮对均向背风侧横移, 背风侧车轮易发生爬轨现象, 二位轮对的横向位移最大, 为7.4 mm。在横风下, 高速列车的运行安全性指标变差, 车体振动加速度变化不明显, 车体向背风侧横移。在所有轮对中, 二位轮对最危险。Abstract: A coupling dynamics model of vehicle-track was established by using multi-body system dynamics theory, a new explcit integration method was used to solve the dynamics equations of the model, wheel-rail normal contact force was calculated by using nonlinear Hertz contact theory, wheel-rail creep force was calculated by using Shen-Hedrick-Elkins model, and vehicle-track coupling dynamics program was written.The influence of track structure on the dynamics performances of high-speed train was studied, and the dynamics performances and running attitudes of high-speed train under different cross wind conditions were analyzed.Analysis result indicates that when train speed is 350 km·h-1 and cross wind speed is 15 m·s-1, the maximum lateral acceleration of car body is 0.45 m·s-2, the maximum vertical displacement of car body is 24.5 mm, car body traverses 80.0 mm toward the leeward side, and the maximum roll angle of car body is 2.23°.The maximum wheel unloading rate of the first wheelset is close to 0.80, the second and fourth wheelsets traverse toward the leeward side, and the wheels on the leeward side have climbing track phenomenon.The lateral displacement of the second wheelset is largest, and reaches 7.4 mm.Under cross wind, the safety indexes of high-speed train become worse, car body acceleration changes unconspicuous, and car body traverses towards the leeward side.The second wheelset is most dangerous in all wheelsets.
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Key words:
- high-speed train /
- vehicle-track coupling dynamics /
- aerodynamics /
- cross wind /
- running attitude /
- car body /
- wheelset /
- track structure /
- safety index
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图 1 一位轮对右轨垂向力比较
Figure 1. Comparison of vertical forces of right rail for first wheelset
图 5 轨道结构对一位轮对轮重减载率的影响
Figure 5. Influence of track structure on wheel unloading rate of first wheelset
图 10 左、右轨道横向位移比较
Figure 10. Comparison of lateral displacements for left and right rails
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