内河船舶跟驰间距模型

何良德; 姜晔; 殷兆进; 周博; 唐晖

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2012.01.010

内河船舶跟驰间距模型

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2012.01.010

1.
河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院, 江苏南京 210098
2.
江苏省交通规划设计院股份有限公司, 江苏南京 210004

基金项目:

江苏省交通科学研究计划项目 2006R17

江苏省交通科学研究计划项目 2010Y21-1

详细信息

作者简介:
何良德(1964-), 男, 上海人, 河海大学副教授, 从事港口与航道工程研究

中图分类号: U675.58
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-09-26
- 刊出日期: 2012-02-25

Following distance model of inland ship

1.
School of Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, China
2.
Jiangsu Provincial Communications Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China

More Information

Author Bio:
HE Liang-de (1964-), male, associate professor, +86-25-83786540, hldhsy@163.com

摘要

摘要: 为研究内河船舶流特性, 基于船舶制动机理, 分析了船舶制动距离与船长、航速的相关性, 给出了制动距离的经验公式, 考虑驾驶员经验对实际制动距离的影响, 建立了船舶跟驰间距模型。结合江苏地区机动单船、顶推船队、拖驳船队3类船型实例分析, 通过与内河船舶领域长轴经验值、100t机动单船的分段线性模型结果的对比, 确定了间距模型参数。研究结果表明: 3类船型的制动距离分别与单船、船队、最大单驳长度相关, 计算长度系数分别为5.98、2.73、17.41, 前2类船型的制动距离与航速的平方成正比, 拖驳船队与航速的0.85次方成正比; 驾驶员的制动操作系数、操作指数应取0.78、2.5。
- 内河船舶 /
- 跟驰间距模型 /
- 制动距离 /
- 计算长度系数 /
- 制动操作系数 /
- 制动操作指数
Abstract: In order to study the characteristics of inland ship flow, the correlation among breaking distance, ship length and speed was analyzed, the empirical equation of breaking distance was given based on ship breaking mechanism.The impact of operator experience on actual breaking distance was considered, and the following distance model of inland ship was established.Combined with instance analysis including single motorship, pushing fleet and towing fleet in Jiangsu, the parameters of following distance model were determined by analyzing the empirical value of major axis for inland ship domain and the computing value of piecewise linear model of 100 t single motorship.Analysis result shows that the breaking distances of 3 ship categories are related to the lengths of single ship, fleet and the longest barge, and the calculated length coefficients are 5.98, 2.73 and 17.41 respectively.The breaking distances of single motorship and pushing fleet are in direct proportion to the square of ship speed, the breaking distance of towing fleet is in direct proportion to the 0.85 th power of ship speed.The breaking operation coefficient and index of ship operator are determined as 0.78 and 2.5 respectively.
- inland ship /
- following distance model /
- breaking distance /
- calculated length coefficient /
- breaking operation coefficient /
- breaking operation index

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图 1 机动单船制动距离与船长关系

Figure 1. Relationships between breaking distances and lengths for single motorship

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图 2 1000 t干散货船制动距离与速度关系

Figure 2. Relationships between breaking distances and speeds for 1 000 t dry bulk carrier

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图 3 拖驳船队制动距离与驳船长度关系

Figure 3. Relationships between braking distances and barge lengths for towing fleet

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图 4 1拖-7×500 t船队制动距离与速度关系

Figure 4. Relationships between breaking distances and speeds for 7×500 t towing fleet

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图 5 100 t机动单船船舶流模型比较

Figure 5. Comparison of different ship flow models for 100 t single motorship

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图 6 1顶-3×1 000 t船队船舶流模型比较

Figure 6. Comparison of different ship flow models for 3×1 000 t pushing fleet

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图 7 代表船舶(队)的船舶流比较

Figure 7. Comparison of ship flows for typical ships or fleets

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图 8 驳船载重吨位与吨位流量关系

Figure 8. Relationships between tonnages and tonnage flows of barge

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图 9 流量比较

Figure 9. Comparison of ship flows

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表 1 内河航道船舶领域研究成果

Table 1. Research results of ship domain in inland waterway

研究者	船舶种类	纵向长度	横向长度	研究方法
徐周华	进江海船	(3~4)L_m	(0.5~0.8)L_m	理论分析, 结合实船试验
徐周华	顶推船队	(2~3)L_f	0.4L_f	理论分析, 结合实船试验
刘绍满	长40 m的单船居多	4.8L_m	3.2L_m	长江镇江段, 雷达图像
刘绍满	长40 m的单船居多	(3.2~4.5)L_m	(2.5~3.6)L_m	主观问卷调查
周崇喜	3 000 t以下单船为主	3.4L_m	3.2L_m	长江航道, 船员问卷调查
童亮	单船	(2~4)L_m		苏南运河, 理论分析
童亮	拖驳船队	(2~4)L_b+L_f		苏南运河, 理论分析

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表 2 跟驰间距模型计算参数

Table 2. Calculation parameters of ship-following distance model

船舶(队)	s_m/m	t_r/s	k_b	α	u_f/(km·h^-1)	n	m
机动单船	10	10	0.78	5.98	13.0	2.5	2.00
顶推船队	25	10	0.78	2.73	12.0	2.5	2.00
拖驳船队	25	10	0.78	17.41	8.5	2.5	0.85

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表 3 代表船型船舶流参数

Table 3. Ship flow parameters of representative ship types

船舶(队)	序号	吨级/t	n_b/艘	L_m或L_b/m	L_t/m	L_c/m	u_f/(km·h^-1)	ρ_f/(艘·km^-1)	q_f/(艘·h^-1)	ρ_j/(艘·km^-1)	u_e/(km·h^-1)	ρ_e/(艘·km^-1)	q_e/(艘·h^-1)	Q_e/(10⁴ t·h^-1)	γ_{q, f}
机动单船	1	100	1	25.5	25.5	25.5	13.0	5.2	68.2	28.2	7.5	15.0	113.1	1.13	0.60
	2	300	1	37.0	37.0	37.0	13.0	3.9	50.8	21.3	7.4	12.4	91.1	2.73	0.56
	3	500	1	46.0	46.0	46.0	13.0	3.3	42.4	17.9	7.3	10.8	79.1	3.96	0.54
	4	1 000	1	80.0	80.0	80.0	13.0	2.0	26.0	11.1	7.2	7.4	52.9	5.29	0.49
	5	2 000	1	90.0	90.0	90.0	13.0	1.8	23.4	10.0	7.2	6.7	48.2	9.64	0.49
顶推船队	6	300	2	30.0	82.0	82.0	12.0	6.4	76.2	18.7	8.1	12.5	101.7	3.05	0.75
	7	500	2	42.0	108.0	108.0	12.0	5.0	60.6	15.0	8.0	10.3	83.2	4.16	0.73
	8	1 000	2	66.0	161.0	161.0	12.0	3.6	42.7	10.8	7.9	7.7	60.7	6.07	0.70
	9	2 000	2	75.0	180.0	180.0	12.0	3.2	38.6	9.8	7.9	7.0	55.4	11.07	0.70
拖驳船队	10	100	11	25.0	298.0	25.0	8.5	16.0	136.3	34.1	6.5	23.0	149.2	1.49	0.91
	11	300	6	30.0	210.0	30.0	8.5	9.0	76.6	25.5	5.6	17.1	95.7	2.87	0.80
	12	500	5	40.5	231.0	40.5	8.5	6.0	51.2	19.5	5.2	13.2	69.1	3.45	0.74
	13	1 000	3	54.0	186.0	54.0	8.5	3.1	26.3	14.2	4.5	9.6	43.5	4.35	0.61

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