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摘要: 分析了不同钩缓装置的工作原理, 采用控制系统仿真方法建立了考虑实时性对中钩肩与钩尾摩擦副作用的钩缓装置结构模型, 采用函数查表法建立了具有迟滞特性的非线性缓冲器模型, 采用由2台8轴机车及1辆简化货车组成的列车模型对DFC-E100与13A/QKX-100钩缓装置进行了仿真研究, 同时对车体稳钩能力进行了理论计算。计算结果表明: 钩缓装置模型能够较好地反映机车钩缓装置的实际运行状态, DFC-E100钩缓装置车钩在纵向力超过一定值后才会发生明显偏转, 钩肩结构能够有效地防止车钩的过度偏转; 机车配备DFC-E100钩缓系统时车体稳钩能力的仿真结果及理论计算结果与实测结果的误差分别为4.23%和10.65%。13A/QKX-100系统车钩钩尾摩擦副是影响其承压行为的关键因素, 其能使车钩在承受纵向压力时不发生明显偏转。Abstract: The working principles of two types of coupler systems were analysed.Based on considering the friction pairs of coupler tails and real-time aligning shoulders, coupler system models were set up by using control system simulation method.Nonlinear draft gear with hysteresis characteristic was modelled by using table lookup method.DFC-E100 system and 13A/QKX-100 system were simulated in a train model consisting of two 8-axle locomotives and one simplified wagon.The theoretical calculation of carbody-stabilizing-coupler ability was performed.Calculation result indicates that the models can rationally reflect the dynamic behaviour of freight locomotive's coupler systems.The distinct angling behaviour of DFC-E100 system is only observed when buff forces are larger than a certain value, but the aligning shoulder of DFC-E100 system can effectively prevent coupler from excessive angling.The error of carbody-stabilizing-coupler ability between simulation value and field test value is 4.23%, and the error between theoretical calculation value and field test value is 10.65%.The friction pair of 13A/QKX100 system is key element in the control of coupler dynamic behaviour, and can prevent coupler from distinct angling under buff condition.
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Key words:
- railway vehicle /
- freight locomotive /
- coupler system /
- simulation model /
- dynamic characteristic
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Table 1. Key parameters of train models
Parameter Value Parameter Value Preload(DFC/QKX)/kN 130/150 Aligning torque arm(DFC)/mm 135 Maximum travel(DFC/QKX)/mm 110/83 Kinetic friction velocity/(m·s-1) 0.02 Absorptivity (DFC/QKX)/% 80/70 Friction coefficient 0.32 Maximum impedance force/kN 2 500 Wheelbase/mm 2 600 Shift velocity/(m·s-1) 0.1 Bogiebase B′/mm 10 800 Coupler free angle (DFC/QKX)/(°) 3.5/9.0 Couplerbase C/mm 15 652 Coupler gap/mm 10 Lateral gap of secondary stop δ/mm 60 Coupler length G/mm 830 Lateral stiffness of primary suspension k1/(kN·mm-1) 7.24 Coupler structural maximum angle (DFC)/(°) 19 Lateral stiffness of secondary suspension k2/(kN·mm-1) 0.26 
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