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摘要: 通过实车试验, 分别在城市道路和公路上, 利用EyeLinkⅡ眼动仪测试了20名驾驶人的眼动参数与注视行为特性。将被试驾驶人分为熟练驾驶人组和非熟练驾驶人组, 通过将实际驾驶过程中的交通场景录像逐帧分解, 并与驾驶人的眼动数据相结合来确定驾驶人的真实注视目标, 对比了熟练与非熟练驾驶人的注视区域和注视目标特征, 研究了2组驾驶人驾驶经验对驾驶人注视行为特性的影响, 并分析了导致2组驾驶人注视行为差异的原因。研究结果表明: 驾驶经验对驾驶人注视行为特性有显著影响; 在城市道路上, 熟练驾驶人对近处目标的注视频次比非熟练驾驶人高约18%, 而对车内后视镜的注视频次约为非熟练驾驶人的4.7倍; 在公路上, 非熟练驾驶人对远距离区域的注视频次仅为熟练驾驶人的41%, 而对车内区域的注视频次则为熟练驾驶人的2.1倍; 驾驶人对右区域的注视频次平均约为左区域的2.5倍, 且熟练驾驶人对右区域关注更多, 约为左区域的4倍, 而非熟练驾驶人对右区域的注视频次约为左区域的1.5倍; 非熟练驾驶人处理信息的策略和效率均比熟练驾驶人差。Abstract: In real vehicle driving test, the eye movement parameters and gazing behavior characteristics of 20 drivers were tested by using EyeLink Ⅱ eye movement tracking device on urban road and highway respectively. The participant drivers were divided into experienced driver group and novice driver group. By decompositing the traffic scene videos in the actual driving process frame by frame, and the real fixation targets of the drivers were determined by combining the eye movement data of drivers. The characteristics of fixation area and fixation target for experienced drivers and novice drivers were compared, the influences of driving experiences on the gazing behavior characteristics for two groups were studied, and the reason induced the difference between the two groups was analyzed. Research result indicates that driving experience has significant influence on gazing behavior characteristic. When driving on urban road, experienced drivers pay 18% more attention to near objects, and 4.7 times more attention to in-vehicle rear view mirror than novice drivers. On highway, the fixation frequency percentage on distant area for novice drivers is only 41% of experienced drivers, and the percentage on in-vehicle area is 2.1 times than experienced drivers. The average fixation frequency of drivers on right side area is about 2.5 times than on left side area, while it is 4 times for experienced drivers and 1.5 times for novice drivers respectively. Both the strategy and effectiveness of visual information processing for novice drivers are poorer than experienced drivers.
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