Numerical analysis method of wheel/rail adhesion under water lubrication for high-speed railway
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摘要: 将多重网格法引入水介质存在时高速轮轨黏着问题的数值求解中, 研究了轮轨间存在水介质和不考虑轮轨表面粗糙度时, 速度与载荷对水膜厚度的影响。数值分析结果表明: 水膜厚度与轮轨表面粗糙度处于同一等级, 粗糙度的影响不可忽略。基于数值分析结果, 应用部分膜润滑理论研究了考虑表面粗糙度与轮轨间存在水介质时的接触机理, 分析了轮轨黏着系数随速度变化的情况。计算结果表明: 随着速度的提高, 黏着系数急剧降低, 其数值低于0.1。JD-1试验速度在60、90、120km·h-1时, 黏着系数的试验结果与数值结果吻合较好, 最大相对误差不超过8%, 因此, 利用数值方法可较好地预估黏着系数。Abstract: Multigrid method was introduced into the calculation of wheel/rail adhesion under wet condition at high speed, and the influence of train speed and contact pressure on water film thickness was investigated under wet condition without thinking about surface roughness. Numerical analysis result shows that surface roughness and water film thickness have same order, and surface roughness is not ignored. Partial lubrication theory was applied to study the contact characteristics of wheel and rail under water lubrication based on the numerical analysis result, and the relationship between train speed and adhesion coefficient was investigated. Computation result indicates that with the increase of train speed, adhesion coefficient decreases rapidly, and its values are below 0.1. The comparison of experimental result obtained by JD-1 testing machine at the simulation speeds of 60, 90 and 120 km·h-1 and numerical analysis result shows that the maximum relative error of adhesion coefficient is less than 8%, so the numerical analysis method is accurate to estimate adhesion coefficient.
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图 2 光滑接触面流体压力与膜厚分布
Figure 2. Distributions of hydrodynamic pressure and film thickness on smooth interface
图 3 粗糙接触面流体压力与膜厚分布
Figure 3. Distributions of hydrodynamic pressure and film thickness on rough interface
表 1 计算参数
Table 1. Computation parameters
参数 取值 R/m 0.43 E/Pa 2.06×1011 υ 0.3 w/t 14 u/(km·h-1) 145 σ1, σ2 0.114 7, 0.104 0 γ 1 ka 0.001 η0/(Pa·s) 0.001 3 
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表 2 水润滑状态下的速度与接触流体膜厚关系
Table 2. Relationship between train speed and film thickness under water lubrication
速度/(km·h-1) 量纲为1的中心膜厚 中心膜厚/μm 量纲为1的最小膜厚 最小膜厚/μm 145 0.012 41 0.790 0 0.011 42 0.726 9 260 0.018 46 1.175 1 0.016 52 1.050 0 380 0.023 93 1.523 3 0.021 01 1.337 4
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表 3 水润滑状态下接触压力与膜厚的关系
Table 3. Relationship between contact pressure and film thickness under water lubrication
接触压力/MPa 量纲为1的中心膜厚 中心膜厚/μm 量纲为1的最小膜厚 最小膜厚/μm 760 0.038 07 1.5 0.004 06 1.288 2 000 0.004 06 1.1 0.003 59 0.970
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