Gradation fractal characteristic and mechanical indexes of super large stone asphalt mixture
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摘要: 为了定量评价超大粒径沥青混合料(SLSM)的级配特性, 运用分形理论提出了SLSM集料质量分形分布函数的计算方法, 得到了不同级配SLSM-40的质量分形维数, 建立了集料质量分布与分形维数的关联模型, 分析了分形维数与SLSM-40体积指标的关系, 并通过强度试验和简单性能试验研究了SLSM-40的力学指标。分析结果表明: 分形维数在2.60左右时, SLSM-40的体积指标均符合技术要求; 分形维数在2.55~2.60之间时, SLSM-40的级配均匀性良好; 随着粒径增大, 粘聚力增大, SLSM-40中粘聚力对整体强度贡献率约为50%, 比普通沥青混合料提高了1~2倍, 而内摩擦角减小5°~10°; 20℃试验条件下, SLSM-40抗压回弹模量比AC-25提高了1 869MPa, 为AC-25的2.6倍; 不同试验温度条件下, 随着加载频率的增大, SLSM-40的动态模量逐渐增大, 相位角随温度和加载频率的变化规律与动态模量相比差异较大, 并且温度越高, 动态模量指标越小, SLSM-40的抗永久变形能力下降。Abstract: In order to quantificationally evaluate the gradation characteristic of super large stone asphalt mixture(SLSM), a method was put forward to calculate the aggregate mass fractal distribution function of SLSM based on fractal theory. The values of mass fractal dimension were obtained for SLSM-40 with different gradations, and a relational model between aggregate mass distribution and fractal dimension was established. The relationship between fractal dimension and the volume indexes of SLSM-40 was analyzed, and the mechanical indexes of SLSM-40 were studied by using strength test and simple performance test. Analysis result shows that all the volume indexes of SLSM-40 satisfy technical requirements when fractal dimension is about 2.60. SLSM-40 has good gradation homogeneity when fractal dimension is 2.55-2.60. Cohesion increases with the increase of particle size, and the contribution rate of SLSM-40 cohesion to overall strength is about 50%, which increases by 1-2 times compared with ordinary asphalt mixture, and internal friction angles reduce by 5°-10°. The compression rebound modulus of SLSM-40 increases by 1 869 MPa at 20 ℃, which is 2.6 times compared with AC-25. The dynamic modulus of SLSM-40 increases with the increase of loading frequency at different temperatures, and the change law of phase angle has larger difference compared with that of dynamic modulus at different temperatures and loading frequencies. Dynamic modulus index decreases with the increase of temperature, and the resistance to permanent deformation ability of SLSM-40 declines.
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表 1 SLSM-40矿料级配
Table 1. Aggregate gradations of SLSM-40
筛孔尺寸/mm 各级配不同尺寸筛孔通过率/% G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 53 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 37.5 85.8 93.0 95.6 98.0 95.0 96.9 96.0 31.5 76.6 77.0 82.0 90.0 90.0 84.7 78.0 26.5 66.0 61.0 71.0 85.5 76.0 74.5 66.0 19 43.2 43.0 60.0 68.0 55.0 58.6 52.0 16 29.0 29.0 32.7 57.5 50.0 54.5 43.0 9.5 28.0 28.0 30.0 46.0 33.0 43.0 32.0 4.75 27.0 27.0 27.0 29.5 26.0 30.5 30.0 2.36 24.0 24.0 24.0 26.5 24.0 20.3 28.0 1.18 22.0 22.0 20.0 18.5 22.0 14.9 16.0 0.6 17.5 17.5 16.5 12.5 15.0 11.7 11.0 0.3 14.5 14.5 13.5 9.0 11.0 8.8 8.0 0.15 10.5 10.5 10.5 6.0 7.0 6.2 5.0 0.075 4.5 4.5 4.5 3.6 4.5 5.0 3.0 
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表 2 SLSM-40各级配的参数值
Table 2. Parameter values of SLSM-40 gradations
参数值 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 3-D 0.362 7 0.364 3 0.393 6 0.505 3 0.438 6 0.476 4 0.498 6 D 2.637 3 2.635 7 2.606 4 2.494 7 2.561 4 2.523 6 2.501 4 R2 0.889 9 0.884 2 0.920 7 0.994 5 0.972 1 0.994 2 0.978 6
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表 3 SLSM-40的分形维数与对应的体积指标
Table 3. D values and corresponding volume indexes of SLSM-40
指标 取值 分形维数 2.494 7 2.501 4 2.523 6 2.561 4 2.606 4 2.635 7 2.637 3 空隙率/% 5.90 5.20 4.90 5.09 3.60 4.60 6.80 矿料间隙率/% 12.00 12.39 13.40 12.53 11.90 11.73 13.03 沥青饱和度/% 50.8 58.1 64.5 59.4 69.7 60.8 47.8 粉胶比 1.15 1.18 1.23 1.20 1.24 1.30 1.30
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表 4 无侧限抗压试验结果
Table 4. Result of unconfined compression test
级配类型 试件编号 旋转压实试件高度/mm 试件破坏时最大荷载/N 试件抗压强度/MPa 抗压强度均值/MPa G1-37.5 1 150 38 500 2.18 2.18 2 150 40 000 2.26 3 150 37 000 2.09 G2-37.5 1 150 32 000 2.03 1.98 2 150 29 000 1.94 3 150 35 000 1.98 G4-37.5 1 150 23 000 1.30 1.40 2 150 26 000 1.47 3 150 25 500 1.44 G5-37.5 1 150 26 000 1.47 1.41 2 150 24 000 1.36 3 150 24 500 1.39
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表 5 劈裂试验结果
Table 5. Result of splitting test
级配类型 试件编号 旋转压实试件高度/mm 试验荷载最大值/N 劈裂抗拉强度/MPa 劈裂抗拉强度均值/MPa G1-37.5 1 110.7 9 590 0.37 0.41 2 110.2 10 430 0.40 3 110.3 11 730 0.45 G2-37.5 1 111.5 11 570 0.44 0.45 2 110.8 12 140 0.47 3 110.2 11 630 0.45 G4-37.5 1 110.0 12 050 0.47 0.42 2 110.5 10 210 0.39 3 110.3 10 370 0.40 G5-37.5 1 110.3 9 210 0.35 0.36 2 110.6 9 040 0.35 3 110.2 9 950 0.38
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表 6 不同类型沥青混合料强度参数
Table 6. Strength parameters of different asphalt mixtures
级配类型 参数 c/MPa φ/(°) tan(φ) σ/MPa σtan(φ) τ/MPa c贡献率/% σtan(φ)贡献率/% AC-13 0.096 44.8 0.993 0.232 0.230 0.326 29.4 70.6 AC-16 0.135 42.7 0.923 0.328 0.303 0.438 30.7 69.3 细粒式AM 0.099 42.9 0.929 0.239 0.222 0.321 30.8 69.2 中粒式AM 0.076 44.0 0.965 0.184 0.178 0.254 29.9 70.1 ATB-25 0.185 45.0 1.000 0.289 0.289 0.474 39.1 60.9 LSM-30 0.224 42.0 0.900 0.317 0.285 0.509 44.0 56.0 G1-37.5 0.353 43.1 0.936 0.300 0.281 0.634 55.7 44.3 G2-37.5 0.279 39.2 0.816 0.245 0.524 53.2 46.8 G4-37.5 0.206 37.5 0.767 0.230 0.436 47.2 52.8 G5-37.5 0.211 36.4 0.737 0.221 0.432 48.8 51.2 G1-53 0.332 41.1 0.870 0.261 0.593 56.0 44.0 G2-53 0.362 44.2 0.972 0.292 0.654 55.4 44.6 G3-53 0.283 41.8 0.894 0.268 0.551 51.4 48.6
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表 7 SLSM-40的动态模量
Table 7. Dynamic modului of SLSM-40
MPa 温度/℃ 频率/Hz 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 20.0 25.0 5 16 216 18 443 19 801 20 967 22 477 23 413 23 987 24 169 20 4 713 6 378 7 737 9 018 10 577 11 325 11 889 10 455 40 639 923 1 294 1 807 2 718 3 665 4 802 4 960
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表 8 SLSM-40的相位角
Table 8. Phase angles of SLSM-40
(°) 温度/℃ 频率/Hz 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 20.0 25.0 5 17.61 15.49 13.98 12.54 10.81 9.71 8.72 8.19 20 25.75 25.32 24.70 24.29 24.05 23.65 22.15 23.23 40 19.81 22.15 23.78 25.52 27.80 29.25 30.32 32.01
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表 9 SLSM-40的E*/sin(Ф)
Table 9. E*/sin(Ф) of SLSM-40
MPa 温度/℃ 频率/Hz 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 20.0 25.0 5 53 600 69 056 81 963 96 568 119 843 138 816 158 219 169 659 20 10 848 14 913 18 515 21 922 25 953 28 231 31 533 26 507 40 1 886 2 457 3 209 4 194 5 827 7 500 9 512 9 357
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