Deformation rule and mechanical characteristic of tunnel in water-rich full-weathering granite area
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摘要: 用地质钻机在隧道中心线上方钻取原状土进行土工试验, 采用电子水准仪量测地表和拱顶沉降, 采用JSS30A数显收敛仪进行隧道水平收敛监测, 采用JTM-V2000D型振弦式土压计量测围岩与初期支护间压力、初期支护与二次衬砌间压力, 通过对寨子岗隧道围岩变形及压力进行量测, 得到了富水全风化花岗岩地区隧道围岩变形规律与力学特性。分析结果表明: 深浅埋隧道的划分界限为2倍洞径; 隧道洞口段洞顶土体同时存在竖向位移和水平位移; 围岩的水平收敛稳定时间及拱顶沉降的稳定时间和隧道埋深关系不大; 浅埋隧道的埋深越大, 水平收敛值及拱顶沉降值越大, 深埋隧道的水平收敛值及拱顶沉降值和隧道埋深关系不大; 围岩与初期支护间压力分布比较均匀, 浅埋隧道各量测点压力值差异较小, 压力随着隧道埋深的增加逐渐增加; 深埋隧道各点压力分布的不均匀程度有所增加, 各点压力值随着隧道埋深的增加变化很小; 围岩与初期支护间压力均大于初期支护与二次衬砌间压力, 初期支护与二次衬砌间的最大压力均不大于100kPa。Abstract: Undisturbed soil was drilled for soil test by using geological drilling rig above the tunnel center line. The settlements of tunnel surface and vault were measured by using electronic level. Tunnel horizontal convergence values were measured with JSS30A digital convergence instrument. Pressures among surrounding rock and initial support, initial support and secondary lining were measured with JTM-V2000D vibrating wire pressure gauge. The surrounding rock deformation and pressure of Zhaizigang Tunnel were measured, the surrounding rock deformation rule and mechanical characteristic of tunnel in water-rich full-weathering granite area were got. Analysis result shows that the dividing line of deep and shallow submersion tunnels is 2 times tunnel diameter. Vertical displacement and horizontal displacement appear simultaneously in tunnel entrance. The horizontal convergence stability time of surrounding rock and settlement stability time of vault have little relationship with tunnel depth. The horizontal convergence value and vault settlement increase with the increase of shallow submersion tunnel depth, but they have little relationship with the depth of deep submersion tunnel. Pressures are evenly distributed between surrounding rock and initial support, pressure difference among measurement points of shallow submersion tunnel is little, pressure gradually increases with the increase of tunnel depth. The uneven degree of pressure distribution increases for deep submersion tunnel, pressure value changes very little with the increase of tunnel depth. The pressure between surrounding rock and initial support is greater than that between initial support and secondary lining, the maximum pressure between initial support and secondary lining is not greater than 100 kPa.
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图 7 埋深与最大水平收敛关系曲线
Figure 7. Relation curves of depth and maximum horizontal convergence
表 1 围岩力学参数
Table 1. Mechanical parameters of surrounding rock
取样里程 标高H/m 距地面深度h1/m 距隧底高度h2/m 密度ρ/(g· cm-3) 含水率W/% 粘聚力C/kPa 内摩擦角φ/(°) 压缩模量Es/MPa DK77+978 130.8 0.5 19.6 1.69 18.3 16.3 22.1 1.61 125.8 5.5 14.6 1.74 28.6 19.7 24.5 2.37 120.8 10.5 9.6 1.79 37.5 20.1 21.1 3.46 115.8 15.5 4.6 1.79 44.2 23.1 26.4 4.62 110.8 20.5 -0.4 1.85 46.1 21.6 23.9 4.57 DK77+958 135.9 0.5 24.1 1.71 17.9 32.1 21.4 1.93 130.9 5.5 19.1 1.79 26.4 28.7 24.3 2.42 125.9 10.5 14.1 1.83 32.1 29.2 25.6 3.64 120.9 15.5 9.1 1.84 43.2 30.3 27.1 4.67 115.9 20.5 4.1 1.88 45.3 26.4 26.7 4.85 110.9 25.5 -0.9 1.89 45.9 29.8 27.9 4.62 DK77+938 146.4 0.5 34.6 1.68 16.2 31.7 22.8 1.59 141.4 5.5 29.6 1.71 20.5 30.6 24.6 2.48 136.4 10.5 24.6 1.77 26.4 24.3 27.4 3.52 131.4 15.5 19.6 1.79 33.8 26.4 26.9 4.73 126.4 20.5 14.6 1.84 38.7 27.5 29.3 4.82 121.4 25.5 9.6 1.88 41.2 25.4 28.4 4.68 116.4 30.5 4.6 1.87 40.7 28.3 27.3 4.91 111.4 35.5 -0.4 1.93 42.8 30.1 28.9 4.53 
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