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摘要: 针对公路网节点层次划分问题, 基于运输需求理论选取有效人口数量、有效人均收入、有效运输需求量、公路通行能力作为公路网节点层次划分的影响因素。应用灰色理论, 通过计算聚类系数, 建立了一种新的公路网节点层次划分方法, 并基于山东省17个公路网节点进行实证分析。分析结果表明: 应用提出的方法, 根据节点重要程度可以将山东省17个公路网节点划分为3个灰类层次, 第1灰类层次为公路网关键节点, 包含济南、青岛、烟台、潍坊、济宁、临沂、德州、菏泽; 第2灰类层次为公路网重要节点, 包含淄博、泰安、聊城、滨州; 第3灰类层次为公路网一般节点, 包括枣庄、东营、威海、日照、莱芜。与既有划分结果相比, 提出方法的划分结果更优, 与山东省实际情况相符。Abstract: Aiming at the division problem of node level for highway network, the effective population number, effective per capita income, effective transportation demand and highway capacity were taken as the influence factors of node level division for highway network based on transportation demand theory. The gray theory was used, the clustering coefficient was calculated, a new division method of node level for highway network was set up, and example verification was carried out by using 17 highway network nodes in Shandong Province.Analysis result indicates that by using the proposed method, the 17 highway network nodes can be devided into 3 gray class levels according to the importance degrees. The first gray class level is constituted by the key nodes of highway network, including Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai, Weifang, Jining, Linyi, Dezhou and Heze. The second gray class level is constituted by the important nodes of highway network, including Zibo, Tai'an, Liaocheng and Binzhou. The third gray class level includes the general nodes of highway network, such as Zaozhuang, Dongying, Weihai, Rizhao and Laiwu. Compared with the existing division result, the division result by using the proposed method is more excellent, and is accord with the actual situation in Shandong Province.
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表 1 影响因素
Table 1. Influence factors
节点 有效人口数量/104人 有效人均收入/(102元·年-1) 高等级公路通行能力/(104 pcu·d-1) 低等级公路通行能力/(104 pcu·d-1) 有效运输需求量/109 t 济南 357.89 128.76 558.80 1 170.19 173.05 青岛 419.54 121.76 1 233.71 1 596.28 283.15 淄博 198.65 107.10 424.86 1 107.72 153.38 枣庄 159.65 97.31 283.46 714.90 99.94 东营 86.10 106.52 356.81 816.33 117.43 烟台 315.30 109.03 777.78 1 246.50 202.56 潍坊 404.89 106.71 896.45 2 396.09 329.39 济宁 320.41 92.12 531.30 1 604.06 213.65 泰安 224.25 94.73 384.38 1 486.06 187.16 威海 123.03 110.15 341.61 767.75 111.06 日照 123.12 99.97 247.89 714.25 96.32 莱芜 56.50 102.95 176.02 32.29 20.94 临沂 378.53 87.87 726.63 2 387.10 311.49 德州 227.09 94.45 428.29 2 149.42 257.89 聊城 256.44 101.27 357.77 1 784.69 214.37 滨州 146.32 91.96 364.02 1 572.26 193.74 菏泽 332.26 86.96 369.50 2 041.21 241.18 
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表 2 分段点统计量
Table 2. Statistics of piecewise points
分段点 有效人口数量/104人 有效人均收入/(102元·年-1) 高等级公路通行能力/(104 pcu·d-1) 低等级公路通行能力/(104 pcu·d-1) 有效运输需求量/109 t xq(1) 90.53 85.07 184.30 736.00 103.65 xq(2) 181.65 95.20 411.09 1 348.27 195.21 xq(3) 338.11 109.29 693.42 1 804.97 279.01 xq(4) 397.94 127.02 980.71 2 414.59 323.80
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表 3 聚类权
Table 3. Clustering weights
影响因素 有效人口数量 有效人均收入 高等级公路通行能力 低等级公路通行能力 有效运输需求量 聚类权 0.18 0.24 0.09 0.11 0.38
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表 4 聚类系数
Table 4. Clustering coefficients
节点 第1灰类 第2灰类 第3灰类 济南 0.487 0.413 0.115 青岛 0.915 0.114 0.000 淄博 0.200 0.680 0.239 枣庄 0.058 0.330 0.671 东营 0.100 0.323 0.600 烟台 0.489 0.393 0.010 潍坊 0.879 0.134 0.033 济宁 0.410 0.368 0.179 泰安 0.243 0.785 0.204 威海 0.142 0.304 0.461 日照 0.055 0.314 0.668 莱芜 0.064 0.171 0.871 临沂 0.747 0.035 0.200 德州 0.491 0.413 0.156 聊城 0.413 0.568 0.087 滨州 0.214 0.705 0.205 菏泽 0.508 0.202 0.200
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表 5 节点层次划分结果
Table 5. Division result of node levels
灰类 节点 1 济南、青岛、烟台、潍坊、济宁、临沂、德州、菏泽 2 淄博、泰安、聊城、滨州 3 枣庄、东营、威海、日照、莱芜
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表 6 划分结果对比
Table 6. Comparison of division results
灰类 改进后的结果 改进前的结果 1 济南、青岛、烟台、潍坊、济宁、临沂、德州、菏泽 济南、烟台、济宁、淄博、滨州、泰安、聊城 2 淄博、泰安、聊城、滨州 青岛、潍坊、菏泽、德州、临沂 3 枣庄、东营、威海、日照、莱芜 枣庄、东营、威海、日照、莱芜
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