柴油公交车燃用不同替代燃料的排放特性

谭丕强; 李洁; 胡志远; 楼狄明

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2013.04.010

柴油公交车燃用不同替代燃料的排放特性

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2013.04.010

同济大学汽车学院, 上海 201804

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 50906062

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 201272

上海市科委科研计划项目 10231201900

详细信息

作者简介:
谭丕强(1974-), 男, 山东临沂人, 同济大学副教授, 工学博士, 从事汽车排放控制和清洁燃料研究

中图分类号: U473.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-02-05
- 刊出日期: 2013-08-25

Emission characteristics of diesel bus burning different alternative fuels

School of Automobile, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China

More Information

Author Bio:
TAN Pi-qiang(1974-), male, associate professor, PhD, +86-21-69589981, tanpq@hotmail.com

摘要

摘要: 采用OBS-2200车载排放检测系统, 分析了柴油公交车实际道路工况的气态排放特性。使用的燃料分别为纯柴油、天然气制油(GTL)与生物柴油, 道路工况主要包括市区主干道、次干道和快速路。分析结果表明: 公交车燃用各类燃料的CO、HC、NO_x和CO₂的道路瞬时质量排放率均与瞬态车速变化有良好的跟随特性。公交车燃用各种替代燃料的气态污染物质量排放率随车速增加总体呈上升趋势, 其中HC和CO₂的质量排放率随车速增大, 基本呈线性增加趋势, CO和NO_x的质量排放率在中低车速区域随车速上升呈现增加趋势, 而在高车速区域有所降低。与主干道、次干道相比, 公交车在快速路上燃用各种燃料的气态污染物的排放因子都是最低的。与纯柴油相比, 不论是质量排放率还是排放因子, 生物柴油和GTL柴油的CO和HC排放都有所下降, 且生物柴油的降幅更大一些。从全路况范围来看, 纯生物柴油的CO和HC排放最低, 纯生物柴油的NO_x排放要高于柴油。全路况下, 纯天然气制油、体积比为20%天然气制油、体积比为20%生物柴油的CO₂排放要低于纯柴油, 但纯生物柴油的CO₂排放要高一些。
- 柴油公交车 /
- 替代燃料 /
- 生物柴油 /
- 天然气制油 /
- 道路排放
Abstract: The gaseous emissions of diesel bus fueled with pure diesel fuel, gas-to-liquid(GTL)fuel and biodiesel fuel were studied by using OBS-2200 gaseous portable emission measurement system on arterial road, residential road and elevated road. Analysis result shows that the on-road transient mass emission rates of CO, NO_x, HC and CO₂ have good following performance with the transient change of vehicle speeds. The mass emission rates of gaseous pollutants from the bus burning alternative fuels show a total ascending tendency with increasing vehicle speed. The mass emission rates of HC and CO₂ almost linearly increase with ascending vehicle speed, while CO and NO_x emissions firstly increase with the speed increasing in low and medium vehicle speed ranges, and then decrease with the speed increasing in high vehicle speed range. Compared to arterial road and residential road, the emission factors of the bus burning alternative fuels on elevated road are the lowest. Compared to pure diesel fuel, the emission factors and mass emission rates of CO and HC from the bus burning biodiesel fuel and GTL fuel decline, and for biodiesel fuel, the decreasing range is greater. The average emissions of CO and HC from the bus burning pure biodiesel fuel on the whole test roads are the lowest. Compared to pure diesel fuel, NO_x emissions from the bus burning pure biodiesel fuel are higher on all roads. CO₂ emissions of the bus burning pure GTL fuel, GTL fuel with 20% blend ratio and biodiesel fuel with 20% blend ratio are respectively lower than the emission for pure diesel fuel, but CO₂ emission of the bus burning pure biodiesel fuel is slightly higher than the emission for pure diesel fuel.
- diesel bus /
- alternative fuels /
- biodiesel fuel /
- gas-to-liquid fuel /
- on-road emission

HTML全文

图 1 速度区间分布

Figure 1. Velocity distributions

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图 2 平均车速

Figure 2. Average velocities

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图 3 道路瞬态排放率

Figure 3. On-road transient emission rates

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图 4 CO质量排放率

Figure 4. CO mass emission rates

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图 5 CO排放因子

Figure 5. CO emission factors

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图 6 HC质量排放率

Figure 6. HC mass emission rates

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图 7 HC排放因子

Figure 7. HC emission factors

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图 8 NO_x质量排放率

Figure 8. NOx mass emission rates

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图 9 NO_x排放因子

Figure 9. NO_xemission factors

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图 10 CO₂质量排放率

Figure 10. CO₂mass emission rates

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图 11 CO₂排放因子

Figure 11. CO₂emission factors

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表 1 试验公交车的基本参数

Table 1. Basic specifications of test bus

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表 2 试验燃料的主要理化特性

Table 2. Physical and chemical characteristics of test fuels

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参考文献(16)

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