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摘要: 根据磨损区域静电感应原理设计了轨道车辆齿轮和轴承磨损区域静电传感器, 基于某型160km·h-1城际列车齿轮箱, 提取时域静电信号的均方根作为静电信号特征参数, 在车辆齿轮箱噪音试验阶段研究了不同转速和转矩对静电水平的影响, 在齿轮箱跑合试验阶段和负荷疲劳试验阶段分析了静电信号变化趋势。研究结果表明: 同一转速和转矩下齿轮和轴承磨损区域静电水平均保持稳定, 且前者始终略高于后者; 转速和转矩的增加会引起磨损区域静电水平的上升, 转速对静电监测的影响大于转矩, 转速和转矩方向的改变对静电信号影响不大; 在跑合试验阶段, 齿轮和轴承磨损区域静电水平均明显下降, 直至最后稳定, 在负荷疲劳试验阶段, 磨损区域静电水平基本保持稳定, 虽有缓慢上升, 但不明显。可见, 齿轮箱静电监测信号变化趋势与理论分析结果一致, 与实际测试结果相符, 证明静电监测方法作为一种新技术可用于轨道交通车辆齿轮箱磨损状态在线监测, 为进一步运用静电监测方法进行车辆齿轮箱故障诊断和寿命预测提供了基础。Abstract: Based on the electrostatic induction principle of wear site, the wear-site electrostatic sensors of gear and bearing for railway vehicle were designed.At 160km·h-1, the root mean square(RMS)of time-domain electrostatic signal for gearbox was extracted as the feature parameter, the influences of different speeds and torques on the electrostatic levels were investigated at noise test stage, and the change trends of electrostatic signals were analyzed at run-up test stage and load fatigue test stage.Study result indicates that the electrostatic signals of gear and bearing remain stable under the same condition, and the former always be slightly higher than the latter.When speed and torque increase, the electrostatic amplitude increases, speed effect on the electrostatic level is larger than torque effect, while the directions of speed and torque have little influence on the signal.The electrostatic signals decrease significantly at run-up test stage and come to stable in the last.The signals remain basically stable and rise very slow at load fatigue test stage.The changing trends of gearbox electrostatic signals are consistent with the theoretical analysis result and the actual test result, so the electrostatic monitoring method is a new technology, can be used for the online monitoring of gearbox state for railway vehicle, and provides the basis for the fault diagnosis and life prediction of further gearbox.
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Key words:
- vehicle engineering /
- gearbox /
- wear site /
- electrostatic monitoring /
- signal analysis /
- feature extraction
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图 7 负荷疲劳试验阶段轴承原始静电信号
Figure 7. Primitive electrostatic signal of rollingbearing in load fatigue test
图 8 不同转速和转矩下轴承静电监测信号
Figure 8. Electrostatic monitoring signal of bearing atdifferent speeds and torques
图 9 不同转速和转矩下齿轮静电监测信号
Figure 9. Electrostatic monitoring signal of gear atdifferent speeds and torques
图 10 跑合与负荷疲劳试验齿轮静电监测时域信号
Figure 10. Electrostatic monitoring time-domain signalof gear in run-up and load fatigue tests
图 11 跑合试验齿轮静电监测时域信号
Figure 11. Electrostatic monitoring time-domainsignal of gear in run-up test
图 12 跑合与负荷疲劳试验轴承静电监测时域信号
Figure 12. Electrostatic monitoring time-domainsignal of bearing in run-up and load fatigue tests
图 13 跑合试验轴承静电监测时域信号
Figure 13. Electrostatic monitoring time-domainsignal of bearing in run-up test
表 1 试验参数
Table 1. Test parameters
表 2 时域特征参数
Table 2. Time-domain feature parameters
表 3 齿轮箱运行参数
Table 3. Gearbox operating parameters
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