Classification of expressway landscape sensitive zone based on dynamic visual characteristics
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摘要: 分析了驾驶人动视觉特性, 研究了驾驶人的水平视野角度、前景视图、注意力集中点与最深视野随着车速的变化规律, 构建了基于驾驶人动视觉特性的高速公路景观敏感区模型, 并推导了景观敏感区函数。运用景观敏感区模型计算了双向四车道高速公路在不同限速条件下的景观敏感区尺度, 运用景观敏感区函数获得分级结果, 并阐述了不同景观敏感区的属性与景观要素设计要点。通过对比试验, 研究了边坡宽度与一级景观敏感区尺度之间的关系。研究结果表明: 双向四车道高速公路景观敏感区尺度为545m, 一~三级敏感区尺度分别为55、260、230m, 其中一级景观敏感区属于最敏感区域; 进行边坡景观设计时可通过修正坡度的方法改变边坡宽度占高速公路景观敏感区的比重, 坡度越缓, 景观敏感性越高。Abstract: The dynamic visual characteristics of drivers were analyzed, the change laws of driver' s horizontal visual degree, foreground vision, fixation point and the deepest vision with the change of speed were studied, the model of expressway landscape sensitive zone was proposed based on drivers' dynamic visual characteristics, and the functions of landscape sensitive zones were derived.The landscape sensitive zone scopes of bidirectional four-lane expressways at different speed limit levels were calculated by using landscape sensitive zone model, and the classification result was gotten by using landscape sensitive functions.The attributes of different landscape sensitive zones and the design key points of landscape elements were described.The relationship between slope width and the first class landscape sensitive zone scope was studied through contrast tests.Analysis result indicates that the landscape sensitive zone scope of bidirectional four-lane expressway is 545 m, the scopes of the first, second and third classes are 55, 260, 230 m, respectively, and the first class zone is the most sensitive one.The gradient can be revised to change the proportion of side slope width in expressway landscape sensitive zone whendesigning the side slope landscape, and the smaller the gradient is, the higher the landscape sensitivity is.
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图 4 60km·h-1时敏感区尺度计算模型
Figure 4. Calculation model of sensitive zone scope at 60km·h-1
图 5 120km·h-1时敏感区尺度计算模型
Figure 5. Calculation model of sensitive zone scope at 120km·h-1
表 1 高速公路景观敏感区计算模型
Table 1. Calculation models of expressway landscape sensitive zones
表 2 不同运行速度下的景观敏感区分级参数值
Table 2. Parameter values of landscape sensitive zone at different speeds
表 3 高速公路景观敏感区分级计算结果
Table 3. Classification calculation results of expressway landscape sensitive zones
表 4 路堤高度
Table 4. Embankment heights
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