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摘要: 采用现场试验与统计分析, 研究了高速公路半幅封闭施工作业区交通标志尤其是限速标志的警示效能, 提出了分阶限速方案和交通标志效能试验方案, 选择典型路段开展了既有交通标志效能试验、限速标志位置试验、分阶限速效能试验和优化后交通标志效能试验。试验结果表明: 既有交通标志尤其是限速标志效能不足, 试验路段客货车经过限速标志后车速远高于限速值, 且速度降低幅度很小。通过分阶限速优化交通标志设置, 施工作业区车辆速度明显降低, 客车速度降低38km·h-1, 货车速度降低32km·h-1; 施工作业区客车运行速度与限速值的差值从60km·h-1降低到15km·h-1, 货车速差从40km·h-1降低到5km·h-1, 基本达到限速值, 整个交通流运行速度与限速值差值变化趋势一致。可见, 分阶限速优化后的交通标志效能提高明显。Abstract: The warning effectiveness of traffic sign, especially the speed-limit sign, in one-way closed work zone of experessway, was studied by using field tests and statistical analysis.The grading speed-limit program was proposed and the test program for traffic sign effectiveness was set up.A typical expressway section was chosen to test the effectivenesses of existing traffic sign, speed-limit sign position, grading speed-limit and optimizing traffic sign.Test result shows that the effectiveness of existing traffic sign, especially the speed-limit sign, is insufficient for speed-limit.In the expressway test section, after the vehicles pass through the speed-limit sign, they still have much higher speeds than the speed-limit values, and the speed reductions of the vehicles are very small.Through the optimization of traffic sign using grading speed-limit, the vehicles after passing through the work zone have significant reductions in their speeds, the speed of passenger car reduces by 38km·h-1, and the speed of freight car reduces by 32km·h-1.The difference value between passenger car running speed and the speed-limit value has reduced from 60km·h-1 to 15km·h-1, this kind of speed difference value for freight car is from 40km·h-1to 5km·h-1, the speeds of vehicles are very close to the speed-limit values, and the variation tendency of traffic flow speed is consistent with the speed-limit difference value, so the effectiveness of traffic sign is greatly improved by the grading speed-limit optimization.
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图 7 不同设置距离下限速标志效果
Figure 7. Speed-limit sign effectivenesses under different distances
表 1 试验路段交通条件
Table 1. Traffic conditions of test section
表 2 优化后车辆运行速度
Table 2. Running speeds after optimization
表 3 交通标志字体高度与车速对应关系
Table 3. Relationship between traffic sign font hight and vehicle speed
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