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摘要: 介绍了地铁列车紧急制动环路工作原理与紧急制动气动系统特点, 提出了以综合制动指令和中继阀容积室压力为参数的紧急电磁阀故障特征判定法则, 分析了有紧急制动指令时紧急制动不施加、无紧急制动指令时紧急制动异常触发与无紧急制动指令时的中继阀容积室压力异常3类紧急电磁阀故障特征, 研究了紧急电磁阀的故障诊断流程, 运用AMESim软件建立了制动系统仿真模型, 基于故障再现的模型驱动仿真法模拟了3类紧急电磁阀故障, 并在气路控制试验台上进行了第1类故障对比试验。试验结果表明: 在正常情况下触发紧急制动信号时, 中继阀容积室压力延时1.1s后达到目标压力; 人为断开紧急电磁阀信号线并触发紧急制动信号时, 中继阀容积室压力为0, 并维持不变, 2.6s后系统报警紧急电磁阀故障。可见, 运用AMESim建立的制动系统模型能有效再现紧急制动的故障特征, 以制动指令与中继阀容积室压力为参数的紧急制动故障识别分析方法可用于紧急制动在途故障监测与服役性能跟踪。Abstract: The working principle of emergency braking loop and the characteristics of emergency pneumatic braking system for subway train were introduced.The diagnostic rules of the faults of emergency electromagnetic valve were provided based on comprehensive braking command and volume-chamber pressure of relay valve.Three kinds of fault characteristics for emergency electromagnetic valve are analyzed respectively corresponding to three kinds of cases, in which emergency brake was invalid with emergency braking command, emergency brake occurred without emergency braking command and volume-chamber pressure of relay valve was abnormal without emergency braking command.The detailed process of fault diagnosis for emergency electromagnetic valve was analyzed.The pneumatic braking system model was set up by using AMESim, three types of faults were simulated based on fault reappearance method, and the contrast test of the first type fault was conducted on the pneumatic control test bed.Test result shows that in triggering the emergency braking signal under normal condition, the volumechamber pressure delays 1.1s and reaches its goal.Under artificially disconnecting the signal wire of emergency electromagnetic valve and triggering the emergency braking signal, thevolume-chamber pressure is zero and remains unchanged.After 2.6s, the system alarms the faults of emergency braking electromagnetic valve.So, the braking system model can effectively represent the emergency braking fault features, the fault feature identification method is feasible based on braking command and volume-chamber pressure of relay valve, and it can be used for emergency braking fault's on-line monitoring and service status tracking.
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Key words:
- subway train /
- emergency brake /
- fault feature /
- fault reproduction
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图 1 紧急制动环路
1—司机手柄; 2—乘务员开关; 3—主风缸压力开关; 4—列车自动运行系统与自动保护装置的保护开关; 5—制动力检测开关
Figure 1. Emergency braking loop
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