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摘要: 为了比较3种不同备用制动系统的差异, 以制动距离与车钩力为评价指标, 采用AMESim与Simulink软件联合搭建列车制动系统仿真模型与性能参数分析模型。在直通电空制动系统故障情况下, 分析了不同备用制动系统时的制动特性。以120 km·h-1满载运行的某列车为例, 在某单车车辆直通电空制动系统故障后, 对比分析故障、单车热备切换制动、全车热备切换制动与冷备切换制动4种工况下的列车制动距离与车钩力变化趋势, 研究了故障车辆位置对制动距离与车钩力的影响。分析结果表明: 与无备用制动系统的故障工况相比, 实施单车热备切换制动方式后, 制动距离最大减小10.14%, 最大拉钩力最大减小84.59%, 最大压钩力最大减小76.87%;实施全车热备切换制动方式后, 制动距离最大减小6.41%, 最大拉钩力最大减小46.24%, 最大压钩力最大减小10.24%;实施冷备切换制动方式后, 制动距离最小增大3.13%, 最大拉钩力最大减小48.73%, 最大压钩力最大减小25.58%;随着故障车辆的后移, 最大压钩力逐渐增大, 最大拉钩力逐渐减小, 若此时采用单车热备切换制动方式, 最大压钩力与最大拉钩力均呈现逐渐增大的趋势。Abstract: In order to compare the differences among three kinds of backup brake systems, the braking distance and coupler force were taken as evaluation indexes, and the simulation model of train brake system and the analysis model of performance parameters were built through the cosimulation of AMESim and Simulink.When the failure of direct electro-pneumatic brake system occurred, the characteristics of different backup brake systems were analyzed.Taking a full laden train with the speed of 120 km·h-1 as an example, when the failure of direct electro-pneumatic brake system of a vehicle occurred, the changing trends of braking distance and coupler force were comparatively analyzed in four conditions including fault, single vehicle switching with hot standby backup brake, whole vehicles switching with hot standby backup brake, switching with cold standby backup brake, and the influences of fault vehicle's location on braking distance and coupler force were studied.Analysis result indicates that compared with the fault condition without backup brake system, the braking distance in the condition of single vehicle switchingwith hot standby backup brake decreases by 10.14% at most, the maximum tensile coupler force and the maximum pressed coupler force decrease by 84.59% and 76.87% at most respectively.In the condition of whole vehicles switching woth hot standby backup brake, the braking distance decreases by 6.41% at most, the maximum tensile coupler force and the maximum pressed coupler force decrease by 46.24% and 10.24% at most respectively.In the condition of switching with cold standby backup brake, the braking distance increases by 3.13% at least, the maximum tensile coupler force and the maximum pressed coupler force decrease by 48.73% and 25.58% at most respectively.With the retroposition of fault vehicle, the maximum tensile coupler force increases gradually, while the maximum pressed coupler force decreases gradually, and in the condition of single vehicle switching with hot standby backup brake, the maximum tensile coupler force and the maximum pressed coupler force both increase gradually.
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图 16 各工况下最大压钩力分布
Figure 16. Distribution of maximum pressed coupler forces in different conditions
图 17 各工况下最大拉钩力分布
Figure 17. Distribution of maximum tensile coupler forces in different conditions
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