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摘要: 根据终端区空域运行规则, 采用网络理论建立了终端区空域网络模型, 基于终端区航空器微观行为建立了空中交通流跟驰模型和等待模型, 基于NetLogo仿真平台进行了仿真试验, 分析了不同入度分布的空域结构对交通流的影响。仿真结果表明: 当密度小于等于0.075架次·km-1, 速度大于等于0.04 km·s-1时, 交通流处于自由相; 当密度为0.075~0.200架次·km-1且速度大于等于0.04 km·s-1时, 交通流处于畅行相; 当密度大于0.200架次·km-1, 小于最大密度时, 交通流处于拥塞相; 随着航班波作用的减弱, 交通流进入反向畅行相, 之后进入反向自由相; 当进场交通流分布一定, 入度值依次为2、3、1时, 交通流速度小, 密度大, 拥塞消散最慢, 入度值依次为3、2、1时, 交通流速度大, 密度小, 拥塞消散最快。可知, 增大空域网络上游关键节点的入度, 使进场交通流提前完成汇聚, 有利于交通流快速运行, 增大交通流量; 减小空域网络下游关键节点的入度, 有利于交通流在达到拥塞相后快速完成消散。Abstract: The airspace network model in terminal area was built according to the airspace operation rules in terminal area by the network theory.Air traffic flow following model and holding model were built based on aircraft microcosmic behaviors.Simulation test was carried out based on NetLogo simulation platform.The impact of airspace structures with different in-degree distributions on traffic flow was analyzed.Simulation result shows that when the density is less than or equal to 0.075 flight per km and the velocity is more than or equal to 0.04 km·s-1, the traffic flow is in free phase.When the density is 0.075-0.200 flight per km and the velocity is more than or equal to 0.04 km·s-1, the traffic flow is in unblocked phase.When the density is more than 0.200 flight per km and less than the maximal density, the traffic flow is in congestion phase.With the decrease of flight wave function, the traffic flow enters inverse unblocked phase, then inverse free phase.Under the condition that the arrival traffic flow distribution is fixed, when the in-degree value is 2, 3, 1 successively, the velocity of traffic flow is small, the density is big, and the congestion dissipates slowest.When the in-degree value is 3, 2, 1 successively, the velocity of traffic flow is big, the density is small, and the congestion dissipates quickest.Itis known that increasing key node in-degree of up-stream in airspace network can make arrival traffic flow converge ahead of time, make traffic flow operate faster and increase traffic flow rate.Decreasing key node in-degree of down-stream in airspace network is benefit to congestion dissipating quickly after traffic flow entering congestion phase.
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Key words:
- air transportation /
- air traffic flow /
- airspace structure /
- following model /
- traffic flow phase /
- terminal area
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图 4 不同空域结构下交通流参数变化曲线
Figure 4. Variation curves of traffic flow parameters in different airspace structures
图 6 不同空域结构下的速度-密度关系
Figure 6. Velocity-density relationships in different airspace structures
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