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摘要: 为保证高速列车车下设备结构的安全性, 基于振动响应容限仿真计算方法和米塞斯应力屈服准则, 运用有限元仿真模型对线性和非线性悬挂刚度下高速列车牵引变压器的振动响应容限进行研究。对牵引变压器沿纵向、横向、垂向同时加载, 得到响应应力最大的危险节点。对牵引变压器分别沿纵向、横向、垂向进行加载, 得到危险节点的6个应力分量和不同方向振幅的关系, 并基于叠加原理, 得到纵向、横向、垂向同时加载下危险节点应力分量和不同方向振幅的关系。基于求得的米塞斯应力函数与米塞斯应力屈服准则, 得到振动响应容限。分析结果表明: 基于叠加原理, 可以运用MATLAB替代ANSYS对线性悬挂刚度下的振动响应容限进行仿真计算; 线性与非线性悬挂刚度下的振动响应容限曲面间存在一条垂向位移等值曲线, 当横向位移与纵向位移组成的坐标点位于垂向位移等值曲线在平面内的投影线以下时, 线性悬挂刚度下垂向位移的振动响应容限比相应非线性悬挂刚度下的振动响应容限大, 当横向位移与纵向位移组成的坐标点位于垂向位移等值曲线在平面内的投影线以上时, 线性悬挂刚度下垂向位移的振动响应容限比相应非线性悬挂刚度下的振动响应容限小。Abstract: In order to ensure the structure safety of lower body equipment for high-speed train, based on the simulation calculation method of vibration response tolerance and the Von Mises stress yield criterion, the vibration response capacities of high-speed train traction transformer under linear and nonlinear suspension stiffnesses were studied by using finite element simulation model.The longitudinal, horizontal and vertical loads were simultaneously applied to the traction transformer, and the dangerous node with the maximum response stress was gotten.The longitudinal, horizontal and vertical loads were respectively applied to the traction transformer, and the relationships between the amplitudes of different directions and the six stress componentsof dangerous node were obtained. Meanwhile, based on the superposition principle, the relationships between the amplitudes of different directions and the stress components of dangerous node under longitudinal, horizontal and vertical loads were obtained.The Von Mises stress function was computed, and the vibration response tolerance was obtained based on the Von Mises stress yield criterion.Analysis result shows that based on the superposition principle, the vibration response tolerance can be simulated and calculated by using MATLAB instead of ANSYS under the linear suspension stiffness.The avertical displacement contour curve is obtained between the vibration response tolerance surfaces under the linear and nonlinear suspension stiffnesses.When the coordinate point formed by the horizontal and longitudinal displacements is below the line projected by the vertical displacement contour curves, the vibration response tolerance of vertical displacement under the linear suspension stiffness is larger than the value under the nonlinear suspension stiffness.When the coordinate point formed by the horizontal and longitudinal displacements is above the line projected by the vertical displacement contour curves, the vibration response tolerance of vertical displacement under the linear suspension stiffness is smaller than the value under nonlinear suspension stiffness.
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图 4 牵引变压器振动危险节点位置
Figure 4. Location of vibration dangerous node of traction transformer
图 7 非线性悬挂刚度下牵引变压器振动响应容限曲面
Figure 7. Vibration response tolerance surface of traction transformer under nonlinear suspension stiffness
图 8 线性与非线性悬挂刚度下牵引变压器振动响应容限曲面对比
Figure 8. Comparison of vibration response tolerance surfaces between linear and nonlinear suspension stiffnesses
图 9 线性与非线性悬挂刚度下振动响应容限曲面交线投影
Figure 9. Projection intersection line for vibration response tolerance surfaces under linear and nonlinear suspension stiffnesses
表 3 危险节点的SVON计算值与仿真值对比
Table 3. Comparison between calculated and simulated SVONof dangerous node
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