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摘要: 进行了高速列车线路试验, 研究了GPS信号与齿轮箱结构的受力特点, 获取了扭矩载荷和振动载荷作用下齿轮箱的应力时间历程曲线, 分析了在扭矩载荷、振动载荷作用下齿轮箱的应力响应特性, 并编制了应力谱, 利用疲劳损伤影响参数来反映扭矩载荷和振动载荷对齿轮箱疲劳损伤的影响程度。研究结果表明: 在扭矩载荷作用下, 列车牵引与制动的交替变化会使齿轮箱产生较大的应力响应, 最大应力幅值为25.80MPa; 在制动工况下, 齿轮箱应力呈阶梯形变化; 列车低速运行时齿轮箱吊杆座端部的高应力幅值频次大于高速阶段, 结构疲劳损伤影响参数由0.20减小到0.08, 减小了60.0%。在振动载荷作用下, 列车运行速度由350km·h-1减小到200km·h-1时, 齿轮箱吊杆座端部的应力响应强度由2.08MPa减小到0.97MPa, 降低了53.4%;在同一速度等级下, 列车头部齿轮箱的应力幅值低于列车尾部; 列车由牵引状态转变为惰性运行时, 齿轮箱的应力响应强度由3.4MPa减小到1.0MPa, 降低了70.6%;列车由低速运行转为高速运行时, 齿轮箱端部疲劳损伤影响参数由0.009增大到0.260, 增大了27.9倍。Abstract: A high-speed train line test was carried out, the GPS signal and mechanical characteristics of gearbox structure were researched, and the stress-time history curves under torque load and vibration load were obtained.The stress response characteristics of gearbox under the action of torque load and vibration load were analyzed, and the stress spectrum was compiled.The influencing parameter of fatigue damage was used to reflect the effect degrees of torque load and vibration load on the fatigue damage of gearbox.Research result shows that under torque load, the alternative change between train traction and braking can cause greater stress response of gearbox, and the maximum stress amplitude is 25.80 MPa.In the braking condition, the stress of gearbox fluctuates like ladder wave.The frequency of high stress amplitude at the end of gearbox hanger seat is higher at low speed than at high speed, and the influencing parameter of fatigue damage declines by 60.0% from 0.20 to 0.08.Under vibration load, when train speed drops from 350 km·h-1 to 200 km·h-1, the stress response strength at the end of gearbox hanger seat declines by 53.4% from 2.08 MPa to 0.97 MPa.The gearboxstress amplitude is lower at the front of train than at the tail at the same speed level.When the train transforms from traction state to inert operation, the stress response strength decreases by70.6%from 3.4 MPa to 1.0 MPa.When the train transforms from low speed to high speed, the influencing parameter of fatigue damage at the end of gearbox under vibration condition increases by 27.9 times from 0.009 to 0.260.
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Key words:
- vehicle engineering /
- gearbox /
- torque load /
- vibration load /
- stress response /
- fatigue damage
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图 6 牵引加速对齿轮箱应力响应的影响
Figure 6. Effect of traction accelerating on stress response of gearbox
图 9 扭矩波动对齿轮箱应力响应的影响
Figure 9. Effect of torque fluctuation on stress response of gearbox
图 11 运行方向对齿轮箱应力响应的影响
Figure 11. Effect of moving direction on stress response of gearbox
图 13 运行状态对齿轮箱应力响应的影响
Figure 13. Effect of operation state on stress response of gearbox
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