施工隧道负离子除尘新方法

徐世强; 任洪远; 王明山; 李杰

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2018.03.009

施工隧道负离子除尘新方法

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2018.03.009

徐世强^{1, 2,},
任洪远²,
王明山²,
李杰²

1.
长安大学理学院, 陕西西安 710064
2.
长安大学公路学院, 陕西西安 710064

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41672305

陕西交通厅科技项目 20160023K

详细信息

作者简介:
徐世强(1972-), 男, 陕西澄城人, 长安大学副教授, 工学博士, 从事路基与隧道工程研究

中图分类号: U453.83
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-02-22
- 刊出日期: 2018-06-25

New method of dust removal by negative ions in construction tunnel

1.
School of Sciences, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
2.
School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China

More Information

Author Bio:
XU Shi-qiang(1972-), male, associate professor, PhD, 164398791@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 在施工隧道通风换气时, 为了快速稀释粉尘, 加快施工进度, 引入负离子除尘新方法, 并分析了其应用的可行性; 利用粉尘颗粒荷电理论研究了粉尘颗粒的荷电量, 推导了粉尘颗粒在负离子净化系统外电场作用下的饱和荷电量计算公式; 根据施工隧道的环境特点, 在粉尘沉降主动力为电场力和重力时分析了粉尘颗粒的受力情况, 并利用牛顿第二定律推导了粉尘颗粒的沉降算法; 模拟隧道环境进行了室内试验, 依照室内试验获取的安装参数确定隧道试验方案后进行了现场试验, 并利用现场测试结果分析了负离子除尘新方法的使用效果、机理和沉降算法的准确性。研究结果表明: 在使用和未使用负离子净化系统的1个施工周期内, 试验段呼尘消除率分别为51%和20%, 超过《公路隧道施工技术规范》 (JTG F60—2009) (简称《规范》) 中呼尘短时间接触容许浓度8mg·m^-3的时间分别为1、12h, 使用负离子净化系统后, 呼尘时间加权平均浓度从6.38mg·m^-3降至3.10mg·m^-3, 满足《规范》中不大于4mg·m^-3的要求, 即采用新方法可快速、高效地净化施工隧道内的空气; 施工隧道采用负离子除尘新方法的机理可使用粉尘荷电理论和牛顿第二定律进行解释; 在粉尘主要为PM₁₀的相似工况下, 利用沉降算法、室内试验和现场试验得出的粉尘消除时间分别为14、18、20min, 采用算法得出的粉尘沉降时间需要考虑的综合影响系数为1.3¹.4。
- 隧道工程 /
- 施工隧道 /
- 负离子 /
- 粉尘颗粒 /
- 消除率
Abstract: In order to dilute the dust during the ventilation for construction tunnels, so as to speed up the construction progress, a new method of dust removal using negative ions was introduced, and the feasibility of the new method was analyzed. Using the charge theory of dust particles, the charge of dust particles was studied, and the saturated charge formula of dust particles in the external electric field of a negative ion purification system was obtained. According to the environmental characteristics of construction tunnel, the dust particles' stress conditions were analyzed when the dust settling active forces were electric field force and gravity. The Newton's second law was used to deduce the settlement algorithm of dust particles. The indoor test was carried out through the simulation of a tunnel environment, and the field test was carried out after the tunnel test scheme was determined via the installation parameters obtained by the indoor test. The field test results were used to analyze the accaracy of the effect and mechanism of the negative ion dust removal method and settlement algorithm. Research result shows that duringaconstruction period, the respirable dust removal rates are 51% and 20%, respectively, with and without the negative ion purification system in the test section, and when the respirable dust concentration exceeds the permissible concentration-short term exposure limit of 8 mg·m^-3 in Technical Specification for Construction of Highway Tunnel (JTG F60—2009) (standardfor shot), the time durations are 1 and 12 h, respectively. The time-weighted average concentration of respirable dust reduces from 6.38 mg·m^-3 to 3.10 mg·m^-3 after using the system, which meets the standard's requirement of the time-weighted average concentration not exceeding 4 mg·m^-3. Therefore, the new method can quickly and efficiently purify the air during tunnel construction. The mechanism of the negative ion technology used for dust removal during tunnel construction can be explained by the charge theory of dust particles and Newton's second law. In a similar working condition where the main dust is PM₁₀, the dust removal times obtained by the dust settling algorithm, the indoor test and the field test are 14, 18 and 20 min, respectively. The dust settling time calculated by the dust settling algorithm should consider the comprehensive influence coefficient of 1.3-1.4.
- tunnel engineering /
- construction tunnel /
- negative ion /
- dust particle /
- removal rate

HTML全文

图 1 未荷电时球形粉尘颗粒

Figure 1. Spherical dust particle when uncharging

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图 2 粉尘颗粒荷电产生的电场

Figure 2. Electric field produced by charging dust particle

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图 3 粉尘颗粒竖向受力

Figure 3. Vertical forces on dust particle

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图 4 施工隧道现场

Figure 4. Construction tunnel site

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图 5 风速测量

Figure 5. Measurement of wind speed

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图 6 室内试验现场布置

Figure 6. Layout of indoor test site

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图 7 室内测试

Figure 7. Indoor test

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图 8 负离子浓度与电压的关系

Figure 8. Relationship between negative ion concentration and voltage

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图 9 粉尘浓度与负离子浓度变化曲线

Figure 9. Variation curves of dust concentration and negative ion concentration

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图 10 负离子装置安装现场

Figure 10. Installation site of negative ion device

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图 11 现场试验布置

Figure 11. Feild test layout

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图 12 粉尘检测仪

Figure 12. Dust detector

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图 13 装置开启前后隧道环境对比

Figure 13. Comparison of tunnel environment before and after device opening

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图 14 装置开启前后两测点粉尘浓度对比

Figure 14. Comparison of dust concentrations of two test points before and after device opening

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图 15 一个施工周期装置开启前后测点2粉尘浓度对比

Figure 15. Comparison of dust concentrations of test point 2before and after device opening during a construction period

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图 16 装置开启后两测点粉尘浓度对比

Figure 16. Comparison of dust concentrations of two test points after device opening

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图 17 1h内装置开启前后测点2粉尘浓度对比

Figure 17. Comparison of dust concentrations of test point 2before and after device opening in 1h

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表 1 相关参数取值

Table 1. Values of relevant parameters

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