Relationship among internal pressure, body air tightness and external pressure of rail vehicle
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摘要: 采用理论分析、数值计算与模型试验相结合的方法, 研究了轨道车辆车体气密性评价指标体系, 并采用泄压时间或等效泄压孔面积表达车体气密性; 给出了车外瞬态压力向车内传递的规律, 得到了车内压力与进出车体空气流量理论关系式; 采用大刚度车体模型研究了车内压力与车体气密性、车外压力变化关系, 设计了带有泄压孔的大刚度车体模型, 得出车体泄压孔半径与泄压时间的关系式, 并将5种不同泄压时间的大刚度车体模型先后置于交变压力模拟试验台密闭室中进行试验, 分析了试验数据。分析结果表明: 当车体空气进出口体积流量恒定时, 车内压力随时间呈线性关系变化; 当车体空气进出口流量为关于时间的函数时, 车内压力为车体空气进出口流量关于时间的积分; 不同泄压孔径车体模型的试验和计算泄压时间误差绝对值不超过6.5%, 说明通过数值计算拟合的泄压时间和泄压孔半径关系式基本正确; 车体气密性与车内压力变化率基本呈幂函数关系变化; 车内压力变化率与车外压力幅值基本呈线性关系变化; 得到了大刚度车体模型车内空气压力变化率与车体气密性、车内外压力幅值关系式, 为制定科学、合理的轨道车辆车体气密性指标提供了理论支撑。Abstract: The evaluation index system of the air tightness of a rail vehicle body was researched by using the theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, and model test. The air tightness of a vehicle body was expressed by the pressure relief time or equivalent pressure relief hole area. The law of external transient pressure transferring to the inside of the vehicle body was given, and the theoretical relation between the internal pressure and the air flow in and out of the vehicle body was obtained. Based on the large-stiffness vehicle body model, the relationships among the internal pressure, air tightness, and external pressure of vehicle body were researched. A largestiffness vehicle body model with a pressure relief hole was designed, and the relationalexpression between the pressure relief hole radius and pressure relief time was obtained. The five kinds of large-stiffness vehicle body models with five different pressure relief times were used for a test in the closed chamber of the alternating-pressure simulation test bench, and the test data were analyzed. Analysis result shows that the internal pressure of the vehicle body changes linearly with time when the volumetric flow rates of the air inlet and outlet are constant. When the flow rates of the air inlet and outlet are the function of time, the change of internal pressure is the integral of the flows of air inlet and outlet about time. The absolute errors of tested and calculated pressure relief times of the vehicle body models with different pressure relief hole radii are less than 6.5%, which shows that the relationship between the pressure relief time and the pressure relief hole radius obtained by the numerical calculation is basically correct. The relationship between the vehicle body air tightness and internal pressure change rate is a power function, and the internal pressure change rate and external pressure amplitude are linear. The relationship among the internal pressure, vehicle body air tightness, and external pressure of the large-stiffness body model is obtained, and it can provide theoretical support for the formulation of a scientific and reasonable air tightness index of the vehicle body.
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图 2 车内压力与时间关系曲线
Figure 2. Curve of relationship between internal pressure of vehicle body and time
图 3 车体模型泄压孔半径与泄压时间关系
Figure 3. Relationship between pressure relief hole radius of vehicle body model and pressure relief time
图 4 不同孔径的大刚度车体模型
Figure 4. Large-stiffness rail vehicle body models with different pressure relief hole radii
图 5 泄压孔半径与泄压时间关系曲线
Figure 5. Relationship curves between pressure relief hole radius and pressure relief time
图 6 车体泄压时间与车内压力变化率关系曲线
Figure 6. Relationship curves between vehicle body pressure relief time and internal pressure change rate
图 7 车内压力变化率与车外压力幅值关系曲线
Figure 7. Relationship curves between internal pressure change rate and external pressure amplitude
表 1 不同泄压孔半径对应的泄压时间
Table 1. Pressure relief times corresponding to different pressure relief hole radii
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表 2 不同孔径车体模型的泄压时间
Table 2. Pressure relief times of vehicle body models with different pressure relief hole radii
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表 3 大刚度车体模型气密性试验数据
Table 3. Experimental air tightness data of large-stiffness rail vehicle body model
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表 4 车内压力变化率与车体泄压时间关系
Table 4. Relationship between internal pressure change rate and vehicle body pressure relief time
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表 5 车内压力变化率与车外压力幅值关系
Table 5. Relationship between internal pressure change rate and external pressure amplitude
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表 6 系数a、m和车外压力幅值P的关系
Table 6. Relationship among coefficients a, mand external pressure amplitude P
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表 7 系数b、c、m与泄压时间t的关系
Table 7. Relationship among coefficients b, c, m and pressure relief time t
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